Appendix:Ancient Greek first declension

Greek nouns of the first declension are feminine or masculine. In the Attic and Koine dialects, the lemma form of feminine nouns ends in -η, -ᾰ, -ᾱ (-ē, -a, -ā), and that of masculine nouns in -ης, -ᾱς (-ēs, -ās).

An overview of first-declension endings in Attic and Koine. The cases are placed in the order NVAGD rather than NGDAV so that syncretism can be shown. The dual and plural forms are identical in all first-declension nouns; the variation happens in the singular.

case singular dual plural
feminine masculine
eta alpha eta alpha
nominative -ᾰ -ᾱ -ης -ᾱς -ᾱ -αι
vocative -ᾰ -ᾱ
accusative -ην -ᾰν -ᾱν -ην -ᾱν -ᾱς
genitive -ης -ᾱς -ου -αιν -ων
dative -ῃ -ᾳ -ῃ -ᾳ -αις

Examples

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Note: These examples are forms from the Attic dialect.

Feminine nouns

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number
singular dual plural
case nominative τῑμή (tīmḗ)
χώρᾱ (khṓrā)
τῑμᾱ́ (tīmā́)
χώρᾱ (khṓrā)
τῑμαί (tīmaí)
χῶραι (khôrai)
vocative
accusative τῑμήν (tīmḗn)
χώρᾱν (khṓrān)
τῑμᾱ́ς (tīmā́s)
χώρᾱς (khṓrās)
genitive τῑμῆς (tīmês)
χώρᾱς (khṓrās)
τῑμαῖν (tīmaîn)
χώραιν (khṓrain)
τῑμῶν (tīmôn)
χωρῶν (khōrôn)
dative τῑμῇ (tīmêi)
χώρᾳ (khṓrāi)
τῑμαῖς (tīmaîs)
χώραις (khṓrais)

Masculine nouns

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