κάρφος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From κάρφω (kárphō, “to dry up, to wither”) +‎ -ος (-os).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kár.pʰos/ → /ˈkar.ɸos/ → /ˈkar.fos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kár.pʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.pʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.ɸos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.fos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.fos/

Noun

κᾰ́ρφος • (kárphos) n (genitive κᾰ́ρφους or κᾰ́ρφεος); third declension

1. arid stalk, dry twig, chip of wood
2. dry straw

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ κᾰ́ρφος; τοῦ κᾰ́ρφους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κᾰ́ρφος tò kárphos	τὼ κᾰ́ρφει tṑ kárphei	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρφη tà kárphē
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰ́ρφους toû kárphous	τοῖν κᾰρφοῖν toîn karphoîn	τῶν κᾰρφῶν tôn karphôn
Dative	τῷ κᾰ́ρφει tôi kárphei	τοῖν κᾰρφοῖν toîn karphoîn	τοῖς κᾰ́ρφεσῐ / κᾰ́ρφεσῐν toîs kárphesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ κᾰ́ρφος tò kárphos	τὼ κᾰ́ρφει tṑ kárphei	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρφη tà kárphē
Vocative	κᾰ́ρφος kárphos	κᾰ́ρφει kárphei	κᾰ́ρφη kárphē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ κᾰ́ρφος; τοῦ κᾰ́ρφεος (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κᾰ́ρφος tò kárphos	τὼ κᾰ́ρφει / κᾰ́ρφεε tṑ kárphei / kárphee	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρφεᾰ tà kárphea
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰ́ρφεος / κᾰ́ρφευς toû kárpheos / kárpheus	τοῖν κᾰρφέοιν toîn karphéoin	τῶν κᾰρφέων tôn karphéōn
Dative	τῷ κᾰ́ρφει / κᾰ́ρφεῐ̈ tôi kárphei / kárpheï	τοῖν κᾰρφέοιν toîn karphéoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν κᾰ́ρφεσῐ / κᾰ́ρφεσῐν toîsi(n) kárphesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ κᾰ́ρφος tò kárphos	τὼ κᾰ́ρφει / κᾰ́ρφεε tṑ kárphei / kárphee	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρφεᾰ tà kárphea
Vocative	κᾰ́ρφος kárphos	κᾰ́ρφει / κᾰ́ρφεε kárphei / kárphee	κᾰ́ρφεᾰ kárphea
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• → Latin: carphos

Further reading

• “κάρφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κάρφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κάρφος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette