μιαιφόνος
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editFrom μῐαίνω (miaínō, “stain”) + -φόνος (“-killer”), φόνος (phónos, “murder”) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /mi.ai̯.pʰó.nos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /mi.ɛˈpʰo.nos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /mi.ɛˈɸo.nos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /mi.eˈfo.nos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /mi.eˈfo.nos/
Adjective
editμῐαιφόνος • (miaiphónos) m or f (neuter μῐαιφόνον); second declension
- bloodthirsty, murderous (epithet of Mars (Ares))
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.31:
- Ἄρες Ἄρες βροτολοιγὲ μιαιφόνε τειχεσιπλῆτα
- Áres Áres brotoloigè miaiphóne teikhesiplêta
- Ares, Ares, thou bane of mortals, thou blood-stained stormer of walls
- English translation by A.T. Murray @perseus
- Goddess Athena addresses Ares (Mars)
- Ἄρες Ἄρες βροτολοιγὲ μιαιφόνε τειχεσιπλῆτα
- 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 334:
- μιαιφόνον μὲν οὐκέτ’ ἂν φύγοι μύσος
- miaiphónon mèn oukét’ àn phúgoi músos
- From that point on she will not escape the pollution of murder.
- English translation by David Kovacs @perseus.tufts.edu
- μιαιφόνον μὲν οὐκέτ’ ἂν φύγοι μύσος
-
- ὑμεῖς ὦ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἰσοκρατίας καταλύοντες τυραννίδας ἐς τὰς πόλις κατάγειν παρασκευάζεσθε, τοῦ οὔτε ἀδικώτερον ἐστὶ οὐδὲν κατ’ ἀνθρώπους οὔτε μιαιφονώτερον.
- humeîs ô Lakedaimónioi isokratías katalúontes turannídas es tàs pólis katágein paraskeuázesthe, toû oúte adikṓteron estì oudèn kat’ anthrṓpous oúte miaiphonṓteron.
- you, Lacedaemonians, are destroying the rule of equals and making ready to bring back tyranny into the cities, tyranny, a thing more unrighteous and bloodthirsty than anything else on this earth.
- English translation (1920) by A. D. Godley @perseus.tufts.edu
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 266:
- ὅταν δ’ ἐς εὐνὴν ἠδικημένη κυρῇ,
οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλη φρὴν μιαιφονωτέρα.- hótan d’ es eunḕn ēdikēménē kurêi,
ouk éstin állē phrḕn miaiphonōtéra. - but when she is injured in love,
no mind is more murderous than hers.
- hótan d’ es eunḕn ēdikēménē kurêi,
- English translation by David Kovacs @perseus.tufts.edu
- ὅταν δ’ ἐς εὐνὴν ἠδικημένη κυρῇ,
Inflection
editNumber | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | μῐαιφόνος miaiphónos |
μῐαιφόνον miaiphónon |
μῐαιφόνω miaiphónō |
μῐαιφόνω miaiphónō |
μῐαιφόνοι miaiphónoi |
μῐαιφόνᾰ miaiphóna | ||||||||
Genitive | μῐαιφόνου miaiphónou |
μῐαιφόνου miaiphónou |
μῐαιφόνοιν miaiphónoin |
μῐαιφόνοιν miaiphónoin |
μῐαιφόνων miaiphónōn |
μῐαιφόνων miaiphónōn | ||||||||
Dative | μῐαιφόνῳ miaiphónōi |
μῐαιφόνῳ miaiphónōi |
μῐαιφόνοιν miaiphónoin |
μῐαιφόνοιν miaiphónoin |
μῐαιφόνοις miaiphónois |
μῐαιφόνοις miaiphónois | ||||||||
Accusative | μῐαιφόνον miaiphónon |
μῐαιφόνον miaiphónon |
μῐαιφόνω miaiphónō |
μῐαιφόνω miaiphónō |
μῐαιφόνους miaiphónous |
μῐαιφόνᾰ miaiphóna | ||||||||
Vocative | μῐαιφόνε miaiphóne |
μῐαιφόνον miaiphónon |
μῐαιφόνω miaiphónō |
μῐαιφόνω miaiphónō |
μῐαιφόνοι miaiphónoi |
μῐαιφόνᾰ miaiphóna | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
μῐαιφόνως miaiphónōs |
μῐαιφονώτερος miaiphonṓteros |
μῐαιφονώτᾰτος miaiphonṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Further reading
edit- “μιαιφόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “μιαιφόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “μιαιφόνος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers