παρρησία

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From πᾶς (pâs, “all, every”) +‎ ῥῆσις (rhêsis, “utterance, speech”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /par̥.r̥ɛː.sí.aː/ → /par.riˈsi.a/ → /pa.riˈsi.a/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /par̥.r̥ɛː.sí.aː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /par.re̝ˈsi.a/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /par.riˈsi.a/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /par.riˈsi.a/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /pa.riˈsi.a/

Noun

πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱ • (parrhēsíā) f (genitive πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱς); first declension

1. openness, frankness
   • 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 442, (compare Ion 672)
   • 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 668
   • 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 391
   • 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 541
   • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 20C
   • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 557B
   • 344 BCE – 343 BCE, Demosthenes, Second Philippic 31
   • 50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of John 7:4
2. freedom of speech
3. (in a bad sense) licence of tongue
   • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 229B, (compare Plato, Phaedrus 240E)

Declension

First declension of ἡ πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱ; τῆς πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱ hē parrhēsíā	τὼ πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱ tṑ parrhēsíā	αἱ πᾰρρησῐ́αι hai parrhēsíai
Genitive	τῆς πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱς tês parrhēsíās	τοῖν πᾰρρησῐ́αιν toîn parrhēsíain	τῶν πᾰρρησῐῶν tôn parrhēsiôn
Dative	τῇ πᾰρρησῐ́ᾳ têi parrhēsíāi	τοῖν πᾰρρησῐ́αιν toîn parrhēsíain	ταῖς πᾰρρησῐ́αις taîs parrhēsíais
Accusative	τὴν πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱν tḕn parrhēsíān	τὼ πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱ tṑ parrhēsíā	τᾱ̀ς πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱς tā̀s parrhēsíās
Vocative	πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱ parrhēsíā	πᾰρρησῐ́ᾱ parrhēsíā	πᾰρρησῐ́αι parrhēsíai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “παρρησία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “παρρησία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• παρρησία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• G3954 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bluffness idem, page 86.
  • bluntness idem, page 86.
  • boldness idem, page 88.
  • candour idem, page 110.
  • frankness idem, page 342.
  • freedom idem, page 344.
  • independence idem, page 432.
  • latitude idem, page 478.
  • openness idem, page 576.
  • outspokenness idem, page 583.
  • plain-spokenness idem, page 617.
  • plainness idem, page 617.
  • speech idem, page 800.