σάγαρις

Ancient Greek

Etymology

A foreign word without etymology. It has been compared with Latin sagitta (“arrow”) and Proto-Berber *zaġāya (“spear, assegai”) and Psalm 35, 3 Hebrew סְגֹר (səḡōr, translated as a weapon since Parḥōn, as lance by Luther, javelin by the Berean Study Bible, New International Version and New Living Translation, and battle-axe in the New American Standard Bible), but one would rather of course expect Iranian origin, and it is probably a cognate to Latin secūris (“broad axe”) and Proto-Slavic *sekyra (“broad axe”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sá.ɡa.ris/ → /ˈsa.ɣa.ris/ → /ˈsa.ɣa.ris/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sá.ɡa.ris/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ɡa.ris/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ɣa.ris/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ɣa.ris/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ɣa.ris/

Noun

σᾰ́γᾰρῐς • (ságaris) f (genitive σᾰγᾰ́ρῐος or σᾰγᾰ́ρεως); third declension

1. one-edged battle axe used by Scythians

Inflection

Third declension of ἡ σᾰ́γᾰρῐς; τῆς σᾰγᾰ́ρῐος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ σᾰ́γᾰρῐς hē ságaris	τὼ σᾰγᾰ́ρῐε tṑ sagárie	αἱ σᾰγᾰ́ρῐες hai sagáries
Genitive	τῆς σᾰγᾰ́ρῐος tês sagários	τοῖν σᾰγᾰρῐ́οιν toîn sagaríoin	τῶν σᾰγᾰρῐ́ων tôn sagaríōn
Dative	τῇ σᾰγᾰ́ρῑ têi sagárī	τοῖν σᾰγᾰρῐ́οιν toîn sagaríoin	ταῖς σᾰγᾰ́ρῐσῐ / σᾰγᾰ́ρῐσῐν taîs sagárisi(n)
Accusative	τὴν σᾰ́γᾰρῐν tḕn ságarin	τὼ σᾰγᾰ́ρῐε tṑ sagárie	τᾱ̀ς σᾰγᾰ́ρῑς / σᾰγᾰ́ρῐᾰς tā̀s sagárīs / sagárias
Vocative	σᾰ́γᾰρῐ ságari	σᾰγᾰ́ρῐε sagárie	σᾰγᾰ́ρῐες sagáries
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ἡ σᾰ́γᾰρῐς; τῆς σᾰγᾰ́ρεως (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ σᾰ́γᾰρῐς hē ságaris	τὼ σᾰγᾰ́ρει tṑ sagárei	αἱ σᾰγᾰ́ρεις hai sagáreis
Genitive	τῆς σᾰγᾰ́ρεως tês sagáreōs	τοῖν σᾰγᾰρέοιν toîn sagaréoin	τῶν σᾰγᾰ́ρεων tôn sagáreōn
Dative	τῇ σᾰγᾰ́ρει têi sagárei	τοῖν σᾰγᾰρέοιν toîn sagaréoin	ταῖς σᾰγᾰ́ρεσῐ / σᾰγᾰ́ρεσῐν taîs sagáresi(n)
Accusative	τὴν σᾰ́γᾰρῐν tḕn ságarin	τὼ σᾰγᾰ́ρει tṑ sagárei	τᾱ̀ς σᾰγᾰ́ρεις tā̀s sagáreis
Vocative	σᾰ́γᾰρῐ ságari	σᾰγᾰ́ρει sagárei	σᾰγᾰ́ρεις sagáreis
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “σάγαρις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• σάγαρις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Delitzsch, Franz, Keil, Carl Friedrich (1883) Biblischer Commentar über das Alte Testament. Vierter Theil: Poetische Bücher. Erster Band: Die Psalmen‎^[1] (in German), Vierte, Überarbeitete Auflage edition, Leipzig: Dörffling und Franke, page 302
• Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 11