σφύζω
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editIn form and meaning, the verb resembles σφαδᾴζω (sphadā́izō, “to toss the body about, to struggle”) and σπεύδω (speúdō, “to urge, to hasten”), to which compare Sanskrit स्पन्दते (spandate, “to pulsate, beat, throb, quiver; to quicken”), स्फुरति (sphurati, “to pulse, beat, throb, tremble; to dart, flash; to thrash about bodily, struggle”), and similar forms, as well as भुरति (bhurati, “to palpitate, pulsate, dart, convulse; to move hastily; to struggle”).
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /spʰýz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈspʰy.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈsɸy.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈsfy.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsfi.zo/
Verb
editσφῠ́ζω • (sphúzō)
Inflection
edit Present: σφύζω, σφύζομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔσφυζον | ἔσφυζες | ἔσφυζε(ν) | ἐσφύζετον | ἐσφυζέτην | ἐσφύζομεν | ἐσφύζετε | ἔσφυζον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσφυζόμην | ἐσφύζου | ἐσφύζετο | ἐσφύζεσθον | ἐσφυζέσθην | ἐσφυζόμεθᾰ | ἐσφύζεσθε | ἐσφύζοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | σφύξω | σφύξεις | σφύξει | σφύξετον | σφύξετον | σφύξομεν | σφύξετε | σφύξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | σφύξοιμῐ | σφύξοις | σφύξοι | σφύξοιτον | σφυξοίτην | σφύξοιμεν | σφύξοιτε | σφύξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | σφύξομαι | σφύξῃ, σφύξει |
σφύξεται | σφύξεσθον | σφύξεσθον | σφυξόμεθᾰ | σφύξεσθε | σφύξονται | ||||
optative | σφυξοίμην | σφύξοιο | σφύξοιτο | σφύξοισθον | σφυξοίσθην | σφυξοίμεθᾰ | σφύξοισθε | σφύξοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | σφυχθήσομαι | σφυχθήσῃ | σφυχθήσεται | σφυχθήσεσθον | σφυχθήσεσθον | σφυχθησόμεθᾰ | σφυχθήσεσθε | σφυχθήσονται | ||||
optative | σφυχθησοίμην | σφυχθήσοιο | σφυχθήσοιτο | σφυχθήσοισθον | σφυχθησοίσθην | σφυχθησοίμεθᾰ | σφυχθήσοισθε | σφυχθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | σφύξειν | σφύξεσθαι | σφυχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | σφύξων | σφυξόμενος | σφυχθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | σφύξουσᾰ | σφυξομένη | σφυχθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | σφῦξον | σφυξόμενον | σφυχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “σφύζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σφύζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
editPronunciation
editVerb
editσφύζω • (sfýzo) (past έσφυζα) found only in the imperfective tenses
Conjugation
editσφύζω (active forms only imperfective)
Active voice ➤ — Imperfective aspect ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Present ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Future ➤ | |
1 sg | σφύζω | έσφυζα | θα σφύζω | |
2 sg | σφύζεις | έσφυζες | θα σφύζεις | |
3 sg | σφύζει | έσφυζε | θα σφύζει | |
1 pl | σφύζουμε, [‑ομε] | σφύζαμε | θα σφύζουμε, [‑ομε] | |
2 pl | σφύζετε | σφύζατε | θα σφύζετε | |
3 pl | σφύζουν(ε) | έσφυζαν, σφύζαν(ε) | θα σφύζουν(ε) | |
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present tense from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | 2 sg | 2 pl | ||
Imperfective aspect | σφύζε | σφύζετε | ||
Other forms | Present participle ➤ | |||
σφύζοντας ➤ | ||||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||