Russian

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кувалда

Etymology

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Inherited from Middle Russian кувалда (kuvalda), attested since 1655.

In spite of phonetical and semantical differences, most likely with metathesis from Old Ruthenian кова́дло (kovádlo, anvil) (since 1635), whence also Ukrainian кова́дло (kovádlo), Belarusian кава́дла (kavádla) and, notably, Belarusian кува́дла (kuvádla), from Middle Polish kowadło (in modern sense since 16th c.), from Old Czech kovadlo (since 14th c.; whence Czech kovadlina), from kovat (to forge), from Proto-Slavic *kovati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂-. Belarusian кува́лда (kuválda, sledgehammer) may either be a late Russian borrowing or a descendant of an unattested Old Ruthenian source.

Historically also explained as a derivative of вали́ть (valítʹ, to fell, to knock down).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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кува́лда (kuváldaf inan (genitive кува́лды, nominative plural кува́лды, genitive plural кува́лд, relational adjective кува́лдовый, diminutive кува́лдочка)

  1. sledgehammer (kind of hammer)
    Synonym: (dated) балда́ (baldá)

Declension

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Armenian: կվալդ (kvald)
  • Belarusian: кува́лда (kuválda)
  • Ukrainian: кува́лда (kuválda)

References

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  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кувалда”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Ukrainian

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Ukrainian Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

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Borrowed from Russian кува́лда (kuválda).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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кува́лда (kuváldaf inan (genitive кува́лди, nominative plural кува́лди, genitive plural кува́лд)

  1. sledgehammer

Declension

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References

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  1. ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кувалда”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 120

Further reading

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