برادر

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• براذر (bürazer, birazer)

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian برادر (barâdar, berâdar).

Noun

برادر • (birader) (plural برادرلر)

1. brother

   Synonym: قارداش (kardaş)

Descendants

• Turkish: birader, biladar, bilader, bilâzer, bilezer (dialectal)
• → Albanian: birazer, byrazer, bilazer, birazel, burazer
• →⇒ Armenian: Պիլեզերյան (Pilezeryan), Պիլզերյան (Pilzeryan)
• →⇒ Bulgarian: Билезер (Bilezer), Билезеров (Bilezerov), Билядеров (Biljaderov)
• → Serbo-Croatian: бура́зер / burázer

References

• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “برادر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[1], Vienna, column 744

Persian

Alternative forms

• براذر (barâðar) (obsolete)
• وردار (vardâr) (dialectal, Kashan)
• برار (birār) (dialectal, Hazaragi)
• بیادر (biyādar) (dialectal, Dari)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (brād, brādar), from Old Persian 𐎲𐎼𐎠𐎫𐎠 (brātā), from Proto-Iranian *bráHtā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Cognate with English brother.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bi.ɾɑː.ˈðaɾ], [ba.ɾɑː.ˈðaɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bi.jɑː.d̪ǽɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bi.ɾɔ́ːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæ.ɹɒː.d̪ǽɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bä.ɾɔ.d̪ǽɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	birāḏar, barāḏar
Dari reading?	birādar
Iranian reading?	barâdar
Tajik reading?	barodar

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ar

Noun

Dari	برادر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	бародар

برادر • (barādar / barâdar or birādar / berâdar) (plural برادران or برادرها)

1. brother

   Synonyms: داداش (dādāš / dâdâš), دادر (dādar / dâdar), اخوی (axawī / axavi), کاکا (kākā / kâkâ) (dialectal)

   برادرم می‌خواد با زنی ازدواج کنه.

   barâdaram mi-xâd bâ zan-i ezdevâj kone.

   My brother wants to get married to some woman. (Implied is that the brother has chosen a specific woman, but the speaker is not acquainted with her.)

2. (Iran, military) comrade
3. (Iran, colloquial) dude (term of address for man)

   Synonyms: داداش (dādāš / dâdâš), اخوی (axawī / axavi)

Inflection

Possessive forms of برادر

	singular	plural
1st person singular (“my”)	برادرم (barâdaram)	برادرانم، برادرام△ (barâdarấnam, barâdarấm△)
2nd person singular (“your”)	برادرت (barâdarat, barâdaret△)	برادرانت، برادرات△ (barâdarấnat, barâdarất△)
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	برادرش (barâdaraš, barâdareš△)	برادرانش، برادراش△ (barâdarấnaš, barâdarấš△)
1st person plural (“our”)	برادرمان، برادرمون△ (barâdaremân, barâdaremun△)	برادرانمان، برادرامون△ (barâdarấnemân, barâdarấmun△)
2nd person plural (“your”)	برادرتان، برادرتون△ (barâdaretân, barâdaretun△)	برادرانتان، برادراتون△ (barâdarấnetân, barâdarấtun△)
3rd person plural (“their”)	برادرشان، برادرشون△ (barâdarešân, barâdarešun△)	برادرانشان، برادراشون△ (barâdarấnešân, barâdarấšun△)

^△ Colloquial.

Possessive forms of برادر

	singular	plural
1st person singular (“my”)	برادرم (barâdaram)	برادرهایم، برادرهام، برادرام△ (barâdar-hấyam, barâdarấm△)
2nd person singular (“your”)	برادرت (barâdarat, barâdaret△)	برادرهایت، برادرهات، برادرات△ (barâdar-hấyat, barâdarất△)
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	برادرش (barâdaraš, barâdareš△)	برادرهایش، برادرهاش، برادراش△ (barâdar-hấyaš, barâdarấš△)
1st person plural (“our”)	برادرمان، برادرمون△ (barâdaremân, barâdaremun△)	برادرهایمان، برادرهامون، برادرامون△ (barâdar-hấyemân, barâdarấmun△)
2nd person plural (“your”)	برادرتان، برادرتون△ (barâdaretân, barâdaretun△)	برادرهایتان، برادرهاتون، برادراتون△ (barâdar-hấyetân, barâdarấtun△)
3rd person plural (“their”)	برادرشان، برادرشون△ (barâdarešân, barâdarešun△)	برادرهایشان، برادرهاشون، برادراشون△ (barâdar-hấyešân, barâdarấšun△)

^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• برادر ناتنی (barādar-nātanī / barâdar-nâtani)
• برادرانه (barādarāna / barâdarâne)
• برادرخوانده (barādar-xwānda / barâdar-xânde)
• برادرزاده (barādar-zāda / barâdar-zâde)
• برادرزن (barādar-zan / barâdar-zan)
• برادرشوهر (barādar-šōhar / barâdar-šuhar)
• برادروار (barādarwār / barâdarvâr)
• برادرکشی (barādar-kušī / barâdar-koši)
• برادری (barādarī / barâdari)
• دختربرادر (duxtar-barādar / doxtar-barâdar)
• زن‌برادر (zan-barādar / zan-barâdar)
• پسربرادر (pisar-barādar / pesar-barâdar)

Descendants

Descendants

• → Bashkir: борадәр (boradər)
• → Bengali: বেরাদর (berador)
• → Gujarati: બિરાદર (birādar)
• → Hindustani: birādar

  Hindi: बिरादर

  Urdu: بِرادَر

• → Ottoman Turkish: برادر (birader), براذر (bürazer, birazer)
  • Turkish: birader, biladar, bilader, bilâzer, bilezer (dialectal)
  • → Albanian: birazer, byrazer, bilazer, birazel, burazer
  • →⇒ Armenian: Պիլեզերյան (Pilezeryan), Պիլզերյան (Pilzeryan)
  • →⇒ Bulgarian: Билезер (Bilezer), Билезеров (Bilezerov), Билядеров (Biljaderov)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: бура́зер / burázer
• → Punjabi: barādar

  Gurmukhi script: ਬਰਾਦਰ

  Shahmukhi script: بَرادَر

• → Uzbek: birodar

(via Classical plural form بِرَادَرَان (birādarān)):

• → Hindustani: birādarān

  Hindi: बिरादरान

  Urdu: بِرادَران

See also

Iranian Persian dialectal kinship terms

Family member	Standard Iranian Persian	Tehrani dialect	Abadani dialect	Kashani dialect	Shirazi dialect
mother	مادر (mâdar)	مامان (mâmân)	ننه (nene)		مامو (mâmo)
grandmother	مادربزرگ (mâdar-bozorg)	—		ماجون (mâjun)	—
father	پدر (pedar)	بابا (bâbâ)	دده (dede)	—	بابو (bâbo)
grandfather	پدربزرگ (pedar-bozorg)	—
sister	خواهر (xâhar)	—	دده (dade)	—	آباجی (âbâji)
older sister	خواهربزرگ (xâhar-bozorg)	—	باجی (bâji)	—
brother	برادر (barâdar)	—	کا (kâ)	وردار (vardâr)	کاکو (kâko)
older brother	برادربزرگ (barâdar-bozorg)	—
maternal aunt (mother's sister)	خاله (xâle)
maternal uncle (mother's brother)	دایی (dâyi)		خالو (xâlu)	—
paternal aunt (father's sister)	عمه (amme)
paternal uncle (father's brother)	عمو (amu)

1. When referring to older family members, both بزرگ (bozorg) and کلان (kalân) are correct, but the former is more common in Iran.

Dari Persian dialectal kinship terms

Family member	Standard Dari	Kabuli dialect	Hazaragi dialect
mother	مادر (mādar)	ننه (nana)	آبه (āba)
grandmother	مادرکلان (mādar-kalān)	بی‌بی (bī-bī)	آجه (āja), بی‌بی (bī-bī)
father	پدر (padar)	بابا (bābā)	آته (āta)
grandfather	پدرکلان (padar-kalān)	آغا (āğā)	بابا (bābā)
sister	خواهر (xāhar)	خوار (xwār, xār)
older sister	خواهرکلان (xāhar-kalān)	—	آغا (āğā), باجی (bājī)
brother	برادر (barādar)	بیادر (biyādar)	برار (birār)
older brother	برادرکلان (barādar-kalān)	لالا (lālā)
maternal aunt (mother's sister)	خاله (xāla)
maternal uncle (mother's brother)	ماما (māmā)		ماما (māmā), تغایی (tağāyī)
paternal aunt (father's sister)	عمه (amma)
paternal uncle (father's brother)	کاکا (kākā)

1. When referring to older family members, both بزرگ (buzurg) and کلان (kalān) are correct, but the latter is more common in Afghanistan.
2. In many dialects, cases of word final ـا (-ā) may be shortened to ـه (-a).
3. In many dialects, all family names ending in ـه (-a) may have an epenthetic ـی (-y) added, e.g. عمه (amma) -> عمی (ammay) (unrelated to ezafe).

References

• Palatecʻi, Gēorg Dpir (1829) “պիրազ̇էր”, in Baṙaran Parskerēn əst kargi haykakan aybubenicʻ [Persian Dictionary in the Order of the Armenian Alphabet] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Boghos Arabian Press, page 448a