Wiktionary:Persian transliteration
These are the rules concerning transliteration in Persian entries.
Persian transliterationEdit
| Persian | Wiktionary | IPA | Others (dispreferred) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ا (word-initial) | a, o, e | (ʔ)æ, (ʔ)o, (ʔ)e | |
| ا (other positions) | â | ɒː | ā |
| آ | â (word-initial) 'â (other positions) |
(ʔ)ɒː (word-initial) ʔɒː (other positions) |
ʼā |
| ب | b | b | |
| پ | p | p | |
| ت | t | t | |
| ث | s | s | th, s̱, ṯ, s̄ |
| ج | j | dʒ | ǧ |
| چ | č | tʃ | ch, c |
| ح | h | h | ḥ, ḩ |
| خ | x | x | kh, k͟h, ḫ, ḵ |
| د | d | d | |
| ذ | z | z | dh, d͟h, ẕ, ḏ |
| ر | r | r | |
| ز | z | z | |
| ژ | ž | ʒ | zh, z͟h |
| س | s | s | |
| ش | š | ʃ | sh, s͟h |
| ص | s | s | ṣ |
| ض | z | z | ḍ, ż, ẕ |
| ط | t | t | ṭ, ţ |
| ظ | z | z | ẓ, z̧ |
| ع | ' | ʔ, ː | ʻ |
| غ | ğ | ɣ, ɢ | q, gh, g͟h, ġ |
| ف | f | f | |
| ق | q | ɣ, ɢ | gh, g͟h, ḳ |
| ک | k | k | |
| گ | g | g | |
| ل | l | l | |
| م | m | m | |
| ن | n | n | |
| و (consonant) | v | v | w |
| و (long vowel) | u, ô | uː, oː | ū, ō |
| و (diphthong[1]) | ow | ow | au, aw |
| خوا (e.g. خواندن etc.) | xâ | xɒː | xwā-, khwā- |
| ه (consonant) | h (may appear in final position after a vowel, e.g. ده (dah)) | h | |
| ـه (word-final vowel) | e | e, æ | eh, a, ah |
| ی (consonant) | y | j | j |
| ی (long vowel) | i, ê | iː, eː | ī, ē |
| ی (diphthong[2]) | ey | ej | ai, ay |
| یٰ (always word-final) | â | ɒː | ā, á |
Other symbols or combinationsEdit
- ـاً, ءً (always word-final) – an
- ء – ' (others: ʼ)
- ؤ – ' (others: ʼ)
- ئ – ' (others: ʼ)
- ـِ (ezafe) (always word-final) – -e
- ـة (always word-final) – a(t) (rare, only in unadapted borrowings from Arabic, normally adapted into Persian as ـت (at) or ـه (e))
- ـهٔ (U+0647 U+0654), sometimes written as ـهی (always word-final) – e-ye
- ـهای - e-yi
- ـّ (shadda) – geminate consonant
- ZWNJ – - (hyphen)