Wiktionary:Persian transliteration
These are the rules concerning transliteration in Persian entries.
Persian transliterationEdit
Persian | Wiktionary | IPA | Others (dispreferred) |
---|---|---|---|
ا (word-initial) | a, o, e | (ʔ)æ, (ʔ)o, (ʔ)e | |
ا (other positions) | â | ɒː | ā |
آ | â (word-initial) 'â (other positions) |
(ʔ)ɒː (word-initial) ʔɒː (other positions) |
ʼā |
ب | b | b | |
پ | p | p | |
ت | t | t | |
ث | s | s | th, s̱, ṯ, s̄ |
ج | j | dʒ | ǧ |
چ | č | tʃ | ch, c |
ح | h | h | ḥ, ḩ |
خ | x | x | kh, k͟h, ḫ, ḵ |
د | d | d | |
ذ | z | z | dh, d͟h, ẕ, ḏ |
ر | r | r | |
ز | z | z | |
ژ | ž | ʒ | zh, z͟h |
س | s | s | |
ش | š | ʃ | sh, s͟h |
ص | s | s | ṣ |
ض | z | z | ḍ, ż, ẕ |
ط | t | t | ṭ, ţ |
ظ | z | z | ẓ, z̧ |
ع | ' | ʔ, ː | ʻ |
غ | ğ | ɣ, ɢ | q, gh, g͟h, ġ |
ف | f | f | |
ق | q | ɣ, ɢ | gh, g͟h, ḳ |
ک | k | k | |
گ | g | g | |
ل | l | l | |
م | m | m | |
ن | n | n | |
و (consonant) | v | v | w |
و (long vowel) | u, ô | uː, oː | ū, ō |
و (diphthong[1]) | ow | ow | au, aw |
خوا (e.g. خواندن etc.) | xâ | xɒː | xwā-, khwā- |
ه (consonant) | h (may appear in final position after a vowel, e.g. ده (dah)) | h | |
ـه (word-final vowel) | e | e, æ | eh, a, ah |
ی (consonant) | y | j | j |
ی (long vowel) | i, ê | iː, eː | ī, ē |
ی (diphthong[2]) | ey | ej | ai, ay |
یٰ (always word-final) | â | ɒː | ā, á |
Other symbols or combinationsEdit
- ـاً, ءً (always word-final) – an
- ء – ' (others: ʼ)
- ؤ – ' (others: ʼ)
- ئ – ' (others: ʼ)
- ـِ (ezafe) (always word-final) – -e
- ـة (always word-final) – a(t) (rare, only in unadapted borrowings from Arabic, normally adapted into Persian as ـت (at) or ـه (e))
- ـهٔ (U+0647 U+0654), sometimes written as ـهی (always word-final) – e-ye
- ـهای - e-yi
- ـّ (shadda) – geminate consonant
- ZWNJ – - (hyphen)