Wiktionary:Persian transliteration

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These are the rules concerning transliteration in Persian entries.


Persian transliterationEdit

Systems for Romanizing Persian
Persian Wiktionary IPA Others (dispreferred)
ا‎ (word-initial) a, o, e (ʔ)æ, (ʔ)o, (ʔ)e
ا‎ (other positions) â ɒː ā
آ â (word-initial)
'â (other positions)
(ʔ)ɒː (word-initial)
ʔɒː (other positions)
ʼā
ب b b
پ p p
ت t t
ث s s th, s̱, ṯ, s̄
ج j ǧ
چ č ch, c
ح h h ḥ, ḩ
خ x x kh, k͟h, ḫ, ḵ
د d d
ذ z z dh, d͟h, ẕ, ḏ
ر r r
ز z z
ژ ž ʒ zh, z͟h
س s s
ش š ʃ sh, s͟h
ص s s
ض z z ḍ, ż, ẕ
ط t t ṭ, ţ
ظ z z ẓ, z̧
ع ' ʔ, ː ʻ
غ ğ ɣ, ɢ q, gh, g͟h, ġ
ف f f
ق q ɣ, ɢ gh, g͟h, ḳ
ک k k
گ g g
ل l l
م m m
ن n n
و‎ (consonant) v v w
و‎ (long vowel) u, ô uː, oː ū, ō
و‎ (diphthong[1]) ow ow au, aw
خوا‎ (e.g. خواندن‎ etc.) xɒː xwā-, khwā-
ه‎ (consonant) h (may appear in final position after a vowel, e.g. ده(dah)) h
ـه‎ (word-final vowel) e e, æ eh, a, ah
ی‎ (consonant) y j j
ی‎ (long vowel) i, ê iː, eː ī, ē
ی‎ (diphthong[2]) ey ej ai, ay
یٰ‎ (always word-final) â ɒː ā, á
  1. ^ Unless bearing a shadda, in which case it is treated as consonant, e.g. اوّل(avval), not *owval
  2. ^ Unless bearing a shadda, in which case it is treated as consonant, e.g. ایّوب(ayyub), not *eyyub

Other symbols or combinationsEdit

  1. ـاً‎, ءً‎ (always word-final) – an
  2. ء‎ – ' (others: ʼ)
  3. ؤ‎ – ' (others: ʼ)
  4. ئ‎ – ' (others: ʼ)
  5. ـِ‎ (ezafe) (always word-final) – -e
  6. ـة‎ (always word-final) – a(t) (rare, only in unadapted borrowings from Arabic, normally adapted into Persian as ـت(at) or ـه(e))
  7. ـهٔ‎ (U+0647 U+0654), sometimes written as ـه‌ی‎ (always word-final) – e-ye
  8. ـه‌ای‎ - e-yi
  9. ـّ‎ (shadda) – geminate consonant
  10. ZWNJ – - (hyphen)