بلوط

Arabic

بَلُّوط

Etymology

From Aramaic בְּלוּטָא / ܒܠܘܛܐ (bəllūṭā, ballūṭā, “oak; acorn”), further

• according to Löw an Aramaic formation from Aramaic בָלַט (bālaṭ, “to bulge out, to stand forth”), because of the nut having a protruding appearance, the pattern KaLLūM being common in Aramaic for fruits.
• possibly related to Akkadian 𒋾 (balāṭu, “to live, to stay or remain, to be enduring; to bring back to life, life-bringing trees or seeds”).
• potentially also Akkadian 𒄑𒁁𒀖 (be-lit, baluṭ, “a strong tree, bearing edible produce, sustainable in more northerly fringes of the Assyrian Empire”) found in the vicinity of Harran mentioned during the reign of Sargon II, the more typical word for oak being 𒀠𒆷𒀭 (ʾallānu, alyānu, “oak; acorn”) from Sumerian 𒄑𒀠𒆷𒈝 (allanum, “oak; acorn, acorn-shaped”). Compare Aramaic אִילָנָא, Classical Syriac ܐܺܝܠܳܢܳܐ (ʾīlānā, “tree”), Hebrew אֵלָה (ʾelā, “terebinth”), Hebrew אֵילִים (ēlīm, “mighty tree”), Hebrew אֵלֹון (elōn, “great tree”), Hebrew אַלּוֹן (allōn, “great tree; oak”).

further cognates

• comparable to Middle Persian blwt' (balūt, “acorn, oak-nut”), Mazanderani پلت (palat, “maple, poplar”), Northern Kurdish berrû, belû, dialectal Turkish bolut, pelüt, palıt, pölüt, pelit, pilit etc., Azerbaijani palıd, dialectal palut, Uzbek balut, Turkish palamut / پلاموت, pelit / پلیت, pelid / پلید, Chagatai [script needed] (pälütʼʼ), all meaning the oak and/or its nut. The borrowing directions cannot be ascertained.
• whereas Venetian palamita, Serbo-Croatian palàmīda / пала̀мӣда, Byzantine Greek παλαμύδα (palamúda) / παλαμίδα (palamída), Greek παλαμύδι (palamýdi) / παλαμίδι (palamídi), Romanian pălămidă mean the creeping thistle Serratula arvensis L. which looks at its top similar to the acorn.
• to be distinguished from the fish-names Greek παλαμύδα (palamýda), παλαμίδα (palamída) from Ancient Greek πᾱλᾰμῠ́ς (pālamús) / πηλᾰμῠ́ς (pēlamús) and its numerous descendants meaning Sarda sarda (Atlantic bonito).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bal.luːtˤ/

Noun

بَلُّوط • (ballūṭ) m (collective, singulative بَلُّوطَة f (ballūṭa))

1. oak (Quercus)
2. acorn

Declension

Declension of noun بَلُّوط (ballūṭ)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَلُّوط ballūṭ	الْبَلُّوط al-ballūṭ	بَلُّوط ballūṭ
Nominative	بَلُّوطٌ ballūṭun	الْبَلُّوطُ al-ballūṭu	بَلُّوطُ ballūṭu
Accusative	بَلُّوطًا ballūṭan	الْبَلُّوطَ al-ballūṭa	بَلُّوطَ ballūṭa
Genitive	بَلُّوطٍ ballūṭin	الْبَلُّوطِ al-ballūṭi	بَلُّوطِ ballūṭi
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَلُّوطَة ballūṭa	الْبَلُّوطَة al-ballūṭa	بَلُّوطَة ballūṭat
Nominative	بَلُّوطَةٌ ballūṭatun	الْبَلُّوطَةُ al-ballūṭatu	بَلُّوطَةُ ballūṭatu
Accusative	بَلُّوطَةً ballūṭatan	الْبَلُّوطَةَ al-ballūṭata	بَلُّوطَةَ ballūṭata
Genitive	بَلُّوطَةٍ ballūṭatin	الْبَلُّوطَةِ al-ballūṭati	بَلُّوطَةِ ballūṭati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَلُّوطَتَيْن ballūṭatayn	الْبَلُّوطَتَيْن al-ballūṭatayn	بَلُّوطَتَيْ ballūṭatay
Nominative	بَلُّوطَتَانِ ballūṭatāni	الْبَلُّوطَتَانِ al-ballūṭatāni	بَلُّوطَتَا ballūṭatā
Accusative	بَلُّوطَتَيْنِ ballūṭatayni	الْبَلُّوطَتَيْنِ al-ballūṭatayni	بَلُّوطَتَيْ ballūṭatay
Genitive	بَلُّوطَتَيْنِ ballūṭatayni	الْبَلُّوطَتَيْنِ al-ballūṭatayni	بَلُّوطَتَيْ ballūṭatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَلُّوطَات ballūṭāt	الْبَلُّوطَات al-ballūṭāt	بَلُّوطَات ballūṭāt
Nominative	بَلُّوطَاتٌ ballūṭātun	الْبَلُّوطَاتُ al-ballūṭātu	بَلُّوطَاتُ ballūṭātu
Accusative	بَلُّوطَاتٍ ballūṭātin	الْبَلُّوطَاتِ al-ballūṭāti	بَلُّوطَاتِ ballūṭāti
Genitive	بَلُّوطَاتٍ ballūṭātin	الْبَلُّوطَاتِ al-ballūṭāti	بَلُّوطَاتِ ballūṭāti

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: بلوط (ballūṭ)
• Maltese: ballut
• → Amharic: ባሉጥ (baluṭ)
• → Middle Armenian: պալուտ (palut)
• → Azerbaijani: palıd
• → Catalan: bellota
• → Crimean Tatar: pelit
• → Ge'ez: ባሉጥ (baluṭ)
• → Spanish: bellota
• → Tigre: ባሉጥ (baluṭ)
• → Ottoman Turkish: بلوط (belût)
• → Ottoman Turkish: پلیت (pelit, “acorn; valonia”)
  • → Turkish: palıt, pelit
• → Uyghur: بەللۇت (bellut)
• → Uzbek: balut

References

• “بلوط” in Almaany
• “blṭ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “blwṭ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Bläsing, Uwe (1995) Armenisch-Türkisch. Etymologische Betrachtungen ausgehend von Materialien aus dem Hemşingebiet (Dutch Studies in Armenian Language and Literature; 4) (in German), Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 103–104
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 139
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 98
• Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 621–630, specificallly page 624
• Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎^[2] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, pages 72–73
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[3] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 44
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “بلوط”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 199
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “بلوط”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 109

Ottoman Turkish

Noun

بلوط • (bulut)

1. Alternative form of بولوت

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian blwt' (balūt, “oak, acorn”), attested in Husraw ī Kawādān ud rēdag-ē, from Aramaic בְּלוּטָא / ܒܠܘܛܐ (bəllūṭā, ballūṭā, “oak; acorn”), see Arabic بَلُّوط (ballūṭ) for more.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ba.luːt]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bä.luːt̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bä.luːt̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bä.luːt̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bä.lut̪]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæ.luːt̪]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bä.lut̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	balūt
Dari reading?	balūt
Iranian reading?	balut
Tajik reading?	balut

Noun

Dari	بلوط
Iranian Persian
Tajik	балут

بلوط • (balut)

1. oak
2. acorn

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بَلُّوط (ballūṭ).

Noun

بلوط • (ballūṭ) m (collective)

1. (collective) oaks
2. (collective) acorns

   شجرة بلوط ― šajret ballūṭ ― an oak tree / an acorn tree