خلنج

Arabic

خَلَنْج – Calluna vulgaris

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خلنگ (xalang, “heather”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xa.land͡ʒ/

Noun

خَلَنْج • (ḵalanj) m

1. heather, various Ericeae plants
   • c. 910, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Faqīh al-Hamaḏānī, Kitāb al-Buldān‎^[1]:

     وَلَهُمُ ٱلثِّيرَانُ ٱلْأَرْمِينِيَّةُ، وَٱلشَّاهْ بَلُّوطُ، وَٱلْخَلَنْجُ ٱلْكَثِيرُ، وَيَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ عَجَائِبَ.

     walahumu ṯ-ṯīrānu l-ʔarmīniyyatu, waš-šāh ballūṭu, wal-ḵalanju l-kaṯīru, wayattaḵiḏūna minhu ʕajāʔiba.

     And they have Armenian apricot, chestnut, and much heather, and they obtain miracles from it.

Declension

Declension of noun خَلَنْج (ḵalanj)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَلَنْج ḵalanj	الْخَلَنْج al-ḵalanj	خَلَنْج ḵalanj
Nominative	خَلَنْجٌ ḵalanjun	الْخَلَنْجُ al-ḵalanju	خَلَنْجُ ḵalanju
Accusative	خَلَنْجًا ḵalanjan	الْخَلَنْجَ al-ḵalanja	خَلَنْجَ ḵalanja
Genitive	خَلَنْجٍ ḵalanjin	الْخَلَنْجِ al-ḵalanji	خَلَنْجِ ḵalanji

References

• Frähn, Christian Martin (1823) Ibn-Foszlan's und anderer Araber Berichte über die Russen älterer Zeit‎^[2], Saint Petersburg: Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, pages 107–109

Persian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xa.land͡ʒ], [xi.land͡ʒ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xä.länd͡ʒ], [xɪ.länd͡ʒ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xä.länd͡ʒ], [xɪ.länd͡ʒ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xä.länd͡ʒ], [xɪ.länd͡ʒ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xä.länd͡ʒ̥], [xi.länd͡ʒ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xæ.lænd͡ʒ̥], [xe.lænd͡ʒ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χä.länd͡ʒ], [χi.länd͡ʒ]

Readings
Classical reading?	xalanj, xilanj
Dari reading?	xalanj, xilanj
Iranian reading?	xalanj, xelanj
Tajik reading?	xalanj, xilanj

Adjective

خَلَنْج or خِلَنْج • (xalanj or xilanj)

1. Alternative form of خلنگ (xalang, xilang, “bicoloured, piebald”)

Noun

خَلَنْج or خِلَنْج • (xalanj or xilanj) (obsolete)

1. a kind of black dove with checkered wings

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xi.lind͡ʒ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xɪ.lɪnd͡ʒ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xɪ.lɪnd͡ʒ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xɪ.lɪnd͡ʒ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xi.lind͡ʒ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xe.lend͡ʒ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χi.lind͡ʒ]

Readings
Classical reading?	xilinj
Dari reading?	xilinj
Iranian reading?	xelenj
Tajik reading?	xilinj

Verb

خِلَنْگ • (xilinj)

1. pinching the skin with the nails

Further reading

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “خلنج”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “خلنج”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Vullers, Johann August (1855) “خلنج”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[3] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 716