قرنفل
Arabic edit
Alternative forms edit
- قَرَنْفُول (qaranfūl)
Etymology edit
Imported from India. Compare Tamil கராம்பு (karāmpu), கிராம்பு (kirāmpu), കരയാമ്പ് (karayāmpŭ), ഗ്രാമ്പൂ (grāmpū), Sinhalese කරාබු (karābu), Tagalog klabong, klabos, kalabumpako, all meaning cloves. From the same source Ancient Greek καρυόφυλλον (karuóphullon), Amharic ቅርንፉድ (ḳərnəfud).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
قَرَنْفُل or قُرَنْفُل • (qaranful or quranful) m
- clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
- 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, “Poem #201”, in The Works of 'Abū al-Ṭayyib al-Mutanabbī, volume 3, Dār Al-Ma‘rifah, published 1978, pages 201–202:
- وَمَنْزِلٍ لَيْسَ لَنَا بِمَنْزِلِ / وَلَا لِغَيْرِ الْغَادِيَاتِ الْهُطَّلِ
نَدِيِّ الْخُزَامَى ذَفِرِ الْقَرَنْفُلِ / مُحَلَّلٍ مِلْوَحْشِ لَمْ يُحَلَّلِ- wamanzilin laysa lanā bimanzili / walā liḡayri l-ḡādiyāti l-huṭṭali
nadiyyi l-ḵuzāmā ḏafiri al-qaranfuli / muḥallalin milwaḥši lam yuḥallali - A place, which has never been a stop for us
Nor anyone but the show'ring daybreak-clouds,
With dewy lavenders, and fragrant cloves,
Settled by the wildlife, and no one else.
- wamanzilin laysa lanā bimanzili / walā liḡayri l-ḡādiyāti l-huṭṭali
- pink, carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
Declension edit
Declension of noun قَرَنْفُل (qaranful); قُرَنْفُل (quranful)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قَرَنْفُل; قُرَنْفُل qaranful; quranful |
الْقَرَنْفُل; الْقُرَنْفُل al-qaranful; al-quranful |
قَرَنْفُل; قُرَنْفُل qaranful; quranful |
Nominative | قَرَنْفُلٌ; قُرَنْفُلٌ qaranfulun; quranfulun |
الْقَرَنْفُلُ; الْقُرَنْفُلُ al-qaranfulu; al-quranfulu |
قَرَنْفُلُ; قُرَنْفُلُ qaranfulu; quranfulu |
Accusative | قَرَنْفُلًا; قُرَنْفُلًا qaranfulan; quranfulan |
الْقَرَنْفُلَ; الْقُرَنْفُلَ al-qaranfula; al-quranfula |
قَرَنْفُلَ; قُرَنْفُلَ qaranfula; quranfula |
Genitive | قَرَنْفُلٍ; قُرَنْفُلٍ qaranfulin; quranfulin |
الْقَرَنْفُلِ; الْقُرَنْفُلِ al-qaranfuli; al-quranfuli |
قَرَنْفُلِ; قُرَنْفُلِ qaranfuli; quranfuli |
Descendants edit
- Maltese: qronfol
- → Aramaic:
- → Dhivehi: ކަރަންފޫ (karan̊fū)
- → Israeli Hebrew: קרנפול
- → Persian: قرنفل (qaranfol) (see there for further descendants)
- → Swahili: karafuu
- → Yoruba: kànáfùrù, kànnáfùrù
- → Hausa: kanumfari
- Nupe: kannáfùrù
References edit
- Gernot Katzer’s Spice Pages: Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum)
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 144
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[1] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 275–279
- Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen[2] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 355
- “КАРАМФЍЛ”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “karànfil” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Hijazi Arabic edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
قُرُنْفُل • (gurunful) m (collective)
Moroccan Arabic edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
قرنفل • (qrunful) m (collective)
- carnation (flower)
- clove (spice)
- Synonym: عود النوار (ʕūd en-nuwwār)
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).
Noun edit
قرنفل • (karanfil)
Descendants edit
- Turkish: karanfil
- → Albanian: karafil
- → Bulgarian: каранфи́л (karanfíl), карамфи́л (karamfíl), карафи́ль (karafílʹ), ка́рафил (kárafil)
- → Macedonian: каранфил (karanfil), каранфилче (karanfilče)
- → Middle Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (ġaranfil), ղարանֆուլ (ġaranful)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: кара̀нфил, каранфѝлић
- Latin script: karànfil, karanfìlić
Persian edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [qa.ɾan.ˈful]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [qæ.ɹæɱ.fól̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fúl]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | qaranful |
Dari reading? | qaranful |
Iranian reading? | ğaranfol |
Tajik reading? | qaranful |
Noun edit
قرنفل • (qaranfol)
Descendants edit
- → Adyghe: къэрмэфибл (qɛrmɛfibl)
- → Azerbaijani: qərənfil
- → Bashkir: ҡәләмфер (qələmfer), ҡәнәфер (qənəfer)
- → Kazakh: қалампыр (qalampyr)
- → Kurdish:
- → Kyrgyz: калемпир (kalempir)
- → Ottoman Turkish: قرنفل (karanfil) (see there for further descendants)
- > Turkish: karanfil (inherited)
- → Uyghur: قەرەنفىل (qerenfil), قەلەمپۇر (qelempur)
- → Uzbek: qalampir