لغة
Arabic
editEtymology
editFrom the root ل غ و (l-ḡ-w). Related to Hebrew לוע / לֹעַ (lṓaʿ, “throat, pharynx, maw”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editلُغَة • (luḡa) f (plural لُغَات (luḡāt))
- language
- Synonym: لِسَان (lisān)
- هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ ٱلْحَدِيثَ بِغَيْرِ لُغَتِكَ ٱلْْأُمِّ ؟
- hal tastaṭīʕu l-ḥadīṯa biḡayri luḡatika l-ʔummi ?
- Can you speak another language besides your mother tongue?
- dialect, vernacular
- Synonym: لَهْجَة (lahja)
- jargon
- (linguistics) a variant
- 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “وي”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs][1], فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح (ḥāʔ)], page 211:
- حَيِيَ حَياةً وَحَيَّ يَحْيَا وَيَحَيُّ فَهُوَ حَيٌّ، وَلِلْجَمِيعِ حَيُّوا، بِٱلتَّشْدِيدِ، قَالَ: وَلُغَةٌ أُخْرَى حَيَّ يَحَيُّ وَلِلْجَمِيعِ حَيُوا، خَفِيفَة.
- ḥayiya ḥayātan wa-ḥayya yaḥyā wa-yaḥayyu fa-huwa ḥayyun, wa-li-l-jamīʕi ḥayyū, bi-t-tašdīdi, qāla: wa-luḡatun ʔuḵrā ḥayya yaḥayyu wa-li-l-jamīʕi ḥayū, ḵafīfa.
- He lived a life, and he lived, he lives and he lives so he is alive, and in the plural they lived, with gemination; [it was] said: another variant is he lived, he lives, and in the plural they lived, [without gemination].
- (Can we date this quote?), الفَرَّاء، أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَا بِن زِيَاد [al-farrāʔ, ʔabū zakariyyā yaḥyā bin ziyād, Al-Farrāʾ], edited by جَابِر بِن عَبْدِ اللهِ السُّرَيِّع [jābir bin ʕabdi llāhi s-surayyiʕ], كِتَابٌ فِيهِ لُغَاتُ القُرْآن (kitābun fīhi luḡātu al-qurʔān) [A book containing variant readings of the Qur'an], published 2014:
- وَفِي (نَسْتَعِينُ) لُغَتَانِ: قُرَيْشٌ وَكِنَانَةُ يَنْصِبُونَ النُّونَ، وَعَامَّةُ العَرَبِ مِن بَنِي قَيْسِ وَرَبِيعَةَ يَقُولُونَ: نِسْتَعِينُ...
- wa-fī (nastaʕīnu) luḡatāni: qurayšun wa-kinānatu yanṣibūna n-nūna, wa-ʕāmmatu l-ʕarabi min banī qaysi wa-rabīʕata yaqūlūna: nistaʕīnu...
- And there are two variants of نَسْتَعِينُ (nastaʕīnu): Quraysh and Kinanah pronounce it with na-, [whereas] the general Arab public of the tribes Tamim, Qays, and Rabīʿa say: nistaʿīnu...
- (with the definite article) Classical Arabic
- lexicography, lexicographic literature, lexicographers
- a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, , →ISBN, 825 (fol. 70r,14–v,1), page 963:
- القبج بالفارسية هو الحجل عنه ومن كتاب أهرن وفي اللغة: القبج ذكر الحجل، قال الصنوبري
يٰأخِي قُمْ فَقَدْ شَجَجْنا لَكَ الرَّاحَ … فَخُذْها مَشْجُوجَةً أيّ شَجّ
قَطَعَ المَاءُ جِسْمَها قِطَعًا لَمْ … تَغْذِ أَمْثالَها مَناقِيرُ قَبْج- Al-qabj is Persian for partridge ibidem [in ar-Rāzī’s Ḥāwī]. From ʾAhrun’s book and the lexicographers: It is the male partridge. Aṣ-Ṣanawbarīy said:
O brother, get up! We have mixed wine for you.
Take it in a mixed state in whichever fashion!
The water has stripped down its substance into bits,
of size smaller than chukar beaks eat.
- Al-qabj is Persian for partridge ibidem [in ar-Rāzī’s Ḥāwī]. From ʾAhrun’s book and the lexicographers: It is the male partridge. Aṣ-Ṣanawbarīy said:
Declension
editDeclension of noun لُغَة (luḡa)
Singular | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | لُغَة luḡa |
اللُّغَة al-luḡa |
لُغَة luḡat |
Nominative | لُغَةٌ luḡatun |
اللُّغَةُ al-luḡatu |
لُغَةُ luḡatu |
Accusative | لُغَةً luḡatan |
اللُّغَةَ al-luḡata |
لُغَةَ luḡata |
Genitive | لُغَةٍ luḡatin |
اللُّغَةِ al-luḡati |
لُغَةِ luḡati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | لُغَتَيْن luḡatayn |
اللُّغَتَيْن al-luḡatayn |
لُغَتَيْ luḡatay |
Nominative | لُغَتَانِ luḡatāni |
اللُّغَتَانِ al-luḡatāni |
لُغَتَا luḡatā |
Accusative | لُغَتَيْنِ luḡatayni |
اللُّغَتَيْنِ al-luḡatayni |
لُغَتَيْ luḡatay |
Genitive | لُغَتَيْنِ luḡatayni |
اللُّغَتَيْنِ al-luḡatayni |
لُغَتَيْ luḡatay |
Plural | sound feminine plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | لُغَات luḡāt |
اللُّغَات al-luḡāt |
لُغَات luḡāt |
Nominative | لُغَاتٌ luḡātun |
اللُّغَاتُ al-luḡātu |
لُغَاتُ luḡātu |
Accusative | لُغَاتٍ luḡātin |
اللُّغَاتِ al-luḡāti |
لُغَاتِ luḡāti |
Genitive | لُغَاتٍ luḡātin |
اللُّغَاتِ al-luḡāti |
لُغَاتِ luḡāti |
Derived terms
edit- لُغَة أَجْنَبِيَّة (luḡa ʔajnabiyya, “foreign language”)
- لُغَة عَامِّيَّة (luḡa ʕāmmiyya, “popular language”)
- لُغَة الْمُحَادَة (luḡat al-muḥāda, “colloquial language”)
- لُغَة الْمِحْنَة (luḡat al-miḥna, “professional jargon, slang”)
- لُغَة الْمَوْلِد (luḡat al-mawlid, “mother tongue”)
- أَهْل اللُّغَة (ʔahl al-luḡa, “philologists, lexicographers”)
- عِلْم اللُّغَة (ʕilm al-luḡa, “lexicography, philology, linguistics”)
- لُغَوِيّ (luḡawiyy, “linguistic, philological, lexicographical”)
Related terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- Wehr, Hans (1979) “لغو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
South Levantine Arabic
editRoot |
---|
ل غ و |
2 terms |
Etymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editلغة • (luḡa) f (plural لغات (luḡāt))
- language
- لغة أجنبية ― luḡa ʔajnabiyye ― foreign language
- اللغة الأم ― il-luḡa il-ʔumm ― native language, mother tongue
Audio (Ramallah): (file)
See also
edit- لهجة (lahje, “dialect”)
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ل غ و
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic terms with audio links
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic feminine nouns
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- ar:Linguistics
- Arabic terms with quotations
- ar:Lexicography
- Arabic nouns with triptote singular in -a
- Arabic nouns with sound feminine plural
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root ل غ و
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic nouns
- South Levantine Arabic feminine nouns
- South Levantine Arabic terms with usage examples
- ajp:Language