Arabic

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Root
ل غ و (l ḡ w)
8 terms

Etymology

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    Related to Hebrew לוע / לֹעַ (lóaʕ, throat, pharynx, maw).

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /lu.ɣa/
    • Audio:(file)

    Noun

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    لُغَة (luḡaf (plural لُغَات (luḡāt))

    1. language
      Synonym: لِسَان (lisān)
      هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ ٱلْحَدِيثَ بِغَيْرِ لُغَتِكَ ٱلْْأُمِّ؟
      hal tastaṭīʕu l-ḥadīṯa bi-ḡayri luḡatika l-ʔummi?
      Can you speak another language besides your mother tongue?
    2. dialect, vernacular
      Synonym: لَهْجَة (lahja)
    3. jargon
    4. (linguistics) a variant
      • 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “وي”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs]‎[1], فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح (ḥāʔ)], page 211:
        حَيِيَ حَياةً وَحَيَّ يَحْيَا وَيَحَيُّ فَهُوَ حَيٌّ، وَلِلْجَمِيعِ حَيُّوا، بِٱلتَّشْدِيدِ، قَالَ: وَلُغَةٌ أُخْرَى حَيَّ يَحَيُّ وَلِلْجَمِيعِ حَيُوا، خَفِيفَة.
        ḥayiya ḥayātan wa-ḥayya yaḥyā wa-yaḥayyu fa-huwa ḥayyun, wa-li-l-jamīʕi ḥayyū, bi-t-tašdīdi, qāla: wa-luḡatun ʔuḵrā ḥayya yaḥayyu wa-li-l-jamīʕi ḥayū, ḵafīfa.
        He lived a life, and he lived, he lives and he lives so he is alive, and in the plural they lived, with gemination; [it was] said: another variant is he lived, he lives, and in the plural they lived, [without gemination].
      • (Can we date this quote?), الفَرَّاء، أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَا بِن زِيَاد [al-farrāʔ, ʔabū zakariyyā yaḥyā bin ziyād, Al-Farrāʾ], edited by جَابِر بِن عَبْدِ اللهِ السُّرَيِّع [jābir bin ʕabdi llāhi s-surayyiʕ], كِتَابٌ فِيهِ لُغَاتُ القُرْآن (kitābun fīhi luḡātu al-qurʔān) [A book containing variant readings of the Qur'an], published 2014:
        وَفِي (نَسْتَعِينُ) لُغَتَانِ: قُرَيْشٌ وَكِنَانَةُ يَنْصِبُونَ النُّونَ، وَعَامَّةُ العَرَبِ مِن بَنِي قَيْسِ وَرَبِيعَةَ يَقُولُونَ: نِسْتَعِينُ...
        wa-fī (nastaʕīnu) luḡatāni: qurayšun wa-kinānatu yanṣibūna n-nūna, wa-ʕāmmatu l-ʕarabi min banī qaysi wa-rabīʕata yaqūlūna: nistaʕīnu...
        And there are two variants of نَسْتَعِينُ (nastaʕīnu): Quraysh and Kinanah pronounce it with na-, [whereas] the general Arab public of the tribes Tamim, Qays, and Rabīʿa say: nistaʿīnu...
    5. (with the definite article) Classical Arabic
    6. lexicography, lexicographic literature, lexicographers
      • a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 825 (fol. 70r,14–v,1), page 963:
        القبج بالفارسية هو الحجل عنه ومن كتاب أهرن وفي اللغة: القبج ذكر الحجل، قال الصنوبري
        يٰأخِي قُمْ فَقَدْ شَجَجْنا لَكَ الرَّاحَ … فَخُذْها مَشْجُوجَةً أيّ شَجّ
        قَطَعَ المَاءُ جِسْمَها قِطَعًا لَمْ … تَغْذِ أَمْثالَها مَناقِيرُ قَبْج
        Al-qabj is Persian for partridge ibidem [in ar-Rāzī’s Ḥāwī]. From ʾAhrun’s book and the lexicographers: It is the male partridge. Aṣ-Ṣanawbarīy said:
        O brother, get up! We have mixed wine for you.
        Take it in a mixed state in whichever fashion!
        The water has stripped down its substance into bits,
        of size smaller than chukar beaks eat.

    Declension

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    Declension of noun لُغَة (luḡa)
    singular singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
    indefinite definite construct
    informal لُغَة
    luḡa
    اللُّغَة
    al-luḡa
    لُغَة
    luḡat
    nominative لُغَةٌ
    luḡatun
    اللُّغَةُ
    al-luḡatu
    لُغَةُ
    luḡatu
    accusative لُغَةً
    luḡatan
    اللُّغَةَ
    al-luḡata
    لُغَةَ
    luḡata
    genitive لُغَةٍ
    luḡatin
    اللُّغَةِ
    al-luḡati
    لُغَةِ
    luḡati
    dual indefinite definite construct
    informal لُغَتَيْن
    luḡatayn
    اللُّغَتَيْن
    al-luḡatayn
    لُغَتَيْ
    luḡatay
    nominative لُغَتَانِ
    luḡatāni
    اللُّغَتَانِ
    al-luḡatāni
    لُغَتَا
    luḡatā
    accusative لُغَتَيْنِ
    luḡatayni
    اللُّغَتَيْنِ
    al-luḡatayni
    لُغَتَيْ
    luḡatay
    genitive لُغَتَيْنِ
    luḡatayni
    اللُّغَتَيْنِ
    al-luḡatayni
    لُغَتَيْ
    luḡatay
    plural sound feminine plural
    indefinite definite construct
    informal لُغَات
    luḡāt
    اللُّغَات
    al-luḡāt
    لُغَات
    luḡāt
    nominative لُغَاتٌ
    luḡātun
    اللُّغَاتُ
    al-luḡātu
    لُغَاتُ
    luḡātu
    accusative لُغَاتٍ
    luḡātin
    اللُّغَاتِ
    al-luḡāti
    لُغَاتِ
    luḡāti
    genitive لُغَاتٍ
    luḡātin
    اللُّغَاتِ
    al-luḡāti
    لُغَاتِ
    luḡāti

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Gulf Arabic: لغة (luḡa)
    • Azerbaijani: lüğət
    • Classical Persian: لُغَت (luġat) (see there for further descendants)
    • Malay: loghat (dialect)
    • Ottoman Turkish: لغت (lüğat)
    • Somali: luuqada
    • Swahili: lugha
    • Tajik: луғат (luġat)
    • Uyghur: لۇغەت (lughet)
    • Uzbek: lugʻat

    (via plural form لُغَات (luḡāt)):

    References

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    • Wehr, Hans (1979) “لغو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

    South Levantine Arabic

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    Etymology

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    From Arabic لُغَة (luḡa).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    لغة (luḡaf (plural لغات (luḡāt))

    1. language
      لغة أجنبيةluḡa ʔajnabiyyeforeign language
      اللغة الأمil-luḡa il-ʔummnative language, mother tongue
      Audio (Ramallah):(file)

    See also

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