پرچم

See also: تزحم, ترحم, ترجم, and ت ر ج م

Persian edit

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:

پرچم

Etymology edit

Early attestations in Persian include Anvārī and Khāqānī from the mid-1100s.

A Wanderwort of unknown origin, but probably immediately borrowed from Oghuz. The Arabic-Turkic dictionary Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, written in 1074, gives [script needed] (berčem) as the Oghuz word for "the tail of a wild ox that warriors wear on the day of battle," with [script needed] (bečkem) as the Karakhanid equivalent.^[1] Compare Wakhi bičkám (“horse or goat tail”).

The original meaning is "hair on the yak-tail standard", identical to the Turkic meaning. For unclear reasons, this word was promoted over existing words for "flag," including both the Arabic loan (alam) and the native word (derafš), during the early twentieth-century language purification reforms.^[2] It is now the most common word for "flag".

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [paɾ.ˈt͡ʃam]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [pʰäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [pʰäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰæɹ.t͡ʃʰǽm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰäɾ.t͡ʃʰǽm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	parčam
Dari reading^?	parčam
Iranian reading^?	parčam
Tajik reading^?	parčam

Noun edit


Iranian Persian	پرچم
Dari	پرچم
Tajik	парчам

پرچم • (parčam) (plural پرچم‌ها (parčam-hâ))

flag; banner
Synonyms: درفش (derafš), بیرق (beyraq), رایت (râyat), علم (alam), لوا (levâ)

― parčam-e irân ― the Iranian flag, the flag of Iran
(obsolete) yak or horse tail hair hung on the tuğ of nomadic armies
- c. 1180, Anvārī, “Qaṣīda 128”, in دیوان انوری [Dīvān of Anvārī]‎^[3]:
  در کوکبهٔ تو طرهٔ شب
  بر نیزهٔ بندگانت پرچم
  dar kawkaba-yi tu turra-yi šab
  bar nēza-yi bandagān-at parčam
  In your triumphal march, the ringlets of night's hair
  Are yak tails on the lances of your servants.
  (Classical Persian transliteration)
(obsolete, figurative) lock of hair fluttering over the forehead

Descendants edit

→ Hindustani:
Hindi: परचम (parcam)

Urdu: پَرْچَم (parcam)

References edit

^ Doerfer, Gerhard (1963–1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎^[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag
^ A. Shapur Shahbazi (January 31, 2012) “FLAGS i. Of Persia”, in Encyclopædia Iranica‎^[2]

Urdu edit

Urdu Wikipedia has an article on:

پرچم

Wikipedia ^ur

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian (parčam).

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /pəɾ.t͡ʃəm/
Rhymes: -əm
Hyphenation: پَرْ‧چَم

Noun edit

پَرْچَم • (parcam) m (Hindi spelling परचम)

flag, banner
Synonyms: جَھنْڈَا (jhanḍā), لَوَا (lavā)

پرچم کشائی ― parcam kuśā'ī ― Flag hoisting

Declension edit

Declension of پرچم
	singular	plural
direct	پَرْچَم (parcam)	پَرْچَم (parcam)
oblique	پَرْچَم (parcam)	پَرْچَموں (parcamō̃)
vocative	پَرْچَم (parcam)	پَرْچَمو (parcamō)

References edit

“پرچم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
“پرچم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

[1] Doerfer, Gerhard (1963–1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎^[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag

[2] A. Shapur Shahbazi (January 31, 2012) “FLAGS i. Of Persia”, in Encyclopædia Iranica‎^[2]

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