کفتار

See also: گفتار

Persian edit

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:

کفتار

کفتار

Etymology edit

Related to Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hptʾl /⁠haftār⁠/, “hyena”), Bandar Abbasi Persian dialect (aftârg), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾβtʾr /⁠aftār⁠/), Old Georgian აფთარი (aptari). See additional comparanda in Bläsing. Unattested in Old Iranian. The ultimate origin is unknown.

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [kaf.ˈtɑːɾ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰäf.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰäf.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰäf.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲæf.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰäf.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	kaftār
Dari reading^?	kaftār
Iranian reading^?	kaftâr
Tajik reading^?	kaftor

Noun edit

کفتار • (kaftâr) (plural کفتارها (kaftâr-hâ) or کفتاران (kaftârân))

hyena
- c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 69”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]‎^[1]:
  ز بیم تیغ او شیران جنگی
  بسوراخ اندرون رفته چو کفتار
  کسی کز پیش او گیرد هزیمت
  نترسد گر شود در سله با مار
  zi bīm⁠-i tēğ-i tu šēr⁠ān-i jangī
  ba sūrāx andarūn rafta čū kaftār
  kasē k-az pēš-i ō gīrad ⁠hazīmat
  na-tarsad gar šawad dar silla bā mār
  Fearing your blade, the warlike lions
  Have hidden in holes like the hyena.
  Whoever flees before you
  Is not afraid to go [hide from you] in a basket with a snake.
  (Classical Persian transliteration)

Descendants edit

→ Armenian: քավթառ (kʻavtʻaṙ)
→ Azerbaijani: kaftar
→ Hindi: कफ़्तार (kaftār, rekhta)
→ Northern Kurdish: keftar
→ Ottoman Turkish: كفتار (keftar)
→ Udi: кафтӏар (kafṭar)

References edit

Bläsing, Uwe (2000) “Irano-Turcica: Weitere iranische Elemente im Türkeitürkischen”, in Folia Orientalia‎^[2] (in German), volume 36, Kraków, § 5, page 39
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “haftār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 39