छत्त्र
SanskritEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- छत्र (chatra)
Alternative scriptsEdit
Alternative scripts
- ᬙᬢ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- ছত্ত্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ছত্ত্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰔𑰝𑰿𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀙𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌛𑌤𑍍𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- છત્ત્ર (Gujarati script)
- ꦖꦠ꧀ꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
- ಛತ್ತ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ဆတ္တြ (Burmese script)
- 𑐕𑐟𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଛତ୍ତ୍ର (Oriya script)
- ꢘꢡ꣄ꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆗𑆠𑇀𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖔𑖝𑖿𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ఛత్త్ర (Telugu script)
- ཚཏྟྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒕𑒞𑓂𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
EtymologyEdit
Uncertain[1]; possibly related to छादयति (chādáyati, “to cover”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-Aryan *šśattrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *šćatˢtrás, Proto-Indo-European *sḱed-tró-s, from *sḱed-[2][3] or *sked- (“to cover”)[4]. Possible cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬜𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬍 (sāδaiiaṇtī, “long trousers”), Old English hætera (“garments”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /t͡ɕʰɐt̪.t̪ɾɐ/, [t͡ɕʰɐt̪̚.t̪ɾɐ]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ɕʰɐt̪.t̪ɾɐ/, [ˈt͡ɕʰɐt̪̚.t̪ɾɐ]
NounEdit
DeclensionEdit
| Neuter a-stem declension of छत्त्र (chattra) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | छत्त्रम् chattram |
छत्त्रे chattre |
छत्त्राणि / छत्त्रा¹ chattrāṇi / chattrā¹ |
| Vocative | छत्त्र chattra |
छत्त्रे chattre |
छत्त्राणि / छत्त्रा¹ chattrāṇi / chattrā¹ |
| Accusative | छत्त्रम् chattram |
छत्त्रे chattre |
छत्त्राणि / छत्त्रा¹ chattrāṇi / chattrā¹ |
| Instrumental | छत्त्रेण chattreṇa |
छत्त्राभ्याम् chattrābhyām |
छत्त्रैः / छत्त्रेभिः¹ chattraiḥ / chattrebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | छत्त्राय chattrāya |
छत्त्राभ्याम् chattrābhyām |
छत्त्रेभ्यः chattrebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | छत्त्रात् chattrāt |
छत्त्राभ्याम् chattrābhyām |
छत्त्रेभ्यः chattrebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | छत्त्रस्य chattrasya |
छत्त्रयोः chattrayoḥ |
छत्त्राणाम् chattrāṇām |
| Locative | छत्त्रे chattre |
छत्त्रयोः chattrayoḥ |
छत्त्रेषु chattreṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
DescendantsEdit
- Ashokan Prakrit:
- → Angkorian Old Khmer: chatra, chattra°
- → English: chhatra
- → Gujarati: છત્ર (chatra), છત્રી (chatrī)
- → Hindi: छतरी (chatrī)
- → Marathi: छत्री (chatrī)
- → Kannada: ಛತ್ರಿ (chatri)
- → Tamil: சத்தி (catti), சத்திரம் (cattiram)
- → Middle Persian: [script needed] (čādur, “sheet, veil”)
- Pali: chatta
- → Punjabi: ਛੱਤਰੀ (chattarī)
- → Urdu: چھتری (chatrī)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) , “*sād”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 341-342
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) , “sk̑ed-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 919
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) , “CHAD”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 554-555
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2001) , “Reflexes of Proto-Indo-European *sk in Indo-Iranian”, in Incontri linguistici[1], volume 24, page 7
- ^ “छत्त्र” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 176, column 1.
- ^ Arthur A. Macdonell, A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, 1893, page 096
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) , “छत्त्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 404/1.
