निर्भय

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निर्भय (nirbhaya). By surface analysis, निर्- (nir-) +‎ भय (bhay).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /nɪɾ.bʱəj/, [nɪɾ.bʱɐj]

Adjective

निर्भय • (nirbhay) (indeclinable)

1. fearless, undaunted, unafraid

   Synonyms: निडर (niḍar), निर्दर (nirdar), अभय (abhay), अभीक (abhīk), निर्भीक (nirbhīk)

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “निर्भय”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• Platts, John T. (1884) “निर्भय”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “निर्भय”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निर्भय (nirbhaya). By surface analysis, निर्- (nir-) +‎ भय (bhay). Compare Old Marathi 𑘡𑘲𑘨𑘿𑘥𑘧𑘝𑘰 (nīrbhayatā, “fearlessness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /niɾ.bʱəj/

Adjective

निर्भय • (nirbhay)

1. fearless, unafraid
2. safe, secure

Further reading

• Berntsen, Maxine, “निर्भय”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “निर्भय”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “निर्भय”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• নিৰ্ভয় (Assamese script)
• ᬦᬶᬃᬪᬬ (Balinese script)
• নির্ভয় (Bengali script)
• 𑰡𑰰𑰨𑰿𑰥𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀪𑀬 (Brahmi script)
• နိရ်္ဘယ (Burmese script)
• નિર્ભય (Gujarati script)
• ਨਿਰ੍ਭਯ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌭𑌯 (Grantha script)
• ꦤꦶꦂꦨꦪ (Javanese script)
• 𑂢𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂦𑂨 (Kaithi script)
• ನಿರ್ಭಯ (Kannada script)
• និភ៌យ (Khmer script)
• ນິຣ຺ຠຍ (Lao script)
• നിര്ഭയ (Malayalam script)
• ᠨᡳᡵᢨᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘡𑘱𑘨𑘿𑘥𑘧 (Modi script)
• ᠨᠢᠷᠪᠾᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧁𑧒𑧈𑧠𑧅𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐨𑐫 (Newa script)
• ନିର୍ଭଯ (Odia script)
• ꢥꢶꢬ꣄ꢩꢫ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆤𑆴𑆫𑇀𑆨𑆪 (Sharada script)
• 𑖡𑖰𑖨𑖿𑖥𑖧 (Siddham script)
• නිර්‍භය (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩯𑩑𑩼 𑪙𑩳𑩻 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚝𑚮𑚤𑚶𑚡𑚣 (Takri script)
• நிர்ப⁴ய (Tamil script)
• నిర్భయ (Telugu script)
• นิรฺภย (Thai script)
• ནི་རྦྷ་ཡ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒦𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨝𑨁𑨫𑩇𑨡𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From निस्- (nis-, negative prefix) +‎ भय (bhaya, “fear”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /niɾ.bʱɐ.jɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪iɾ.bʱɐ.jɐ/

Adjective

निर्भय • (nirbhaya) stem

1. fearless, undaunted, unafraid

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:निर्भय

2. free from danger, safe, secure, tranquil

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of निर्भय (nirbhaya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	निर्भयः nirbhayaḥ	निर्भयौ / निर्भया¹ nirbhayau / nirbhayā¹	निर्भयाः / निर्भयासः¹ nirbhayāḥ / nirbhayāsaḥ¹
Vocative	निर्भय nirbhaya	निर्भयौ / निर्भया¹ nirbhayau / nirbhayā¹	निर्भयाः / निर्भयासः¹ nirbhayāḥ / nirbhayāsaḥ¹
Accusative	निर्भयम् nirbhayam	निर्भयौ / निर्भया¹ nirbhayau / nirbhayā¹	निर्भयान् nirbhayān
Instrumental	निर्भयेण nirbhayeṇa	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयैः / निर्भयेभिः¹ nirbhayaiḥ / nirbhayebhiḥ¹
Dative	निर्भयाय nirbhayāya	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Ablative	निर्भयात् nirbhayāt	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Genitive	निर्भयस्य nirbhayasya	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयाणाम् nirbhayāṇām
Locative	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयेषु nirbhayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of निर्भया (nirbhayā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	निर्भया nirbhayā	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाः nirbhayāḥ
Vocative	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाः nirbhayāḥ
Accusative	निर्भयाम् nirbhayām	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाः nirbhayāḥ
Instrumental	निर्भयया / निर्भया¹ nirbhayayā / nirbhayā¹	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयाभिः nirbhayābhiḥ
Dative	निर्भयायै nirbhayāyai	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयाभ्यः nirbhayābhyaḥ
Ablative	निर्भयायाः / निर्भयायै² nirbhayāyāḥ / nirbhayāyai²	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयाभ्यः nirbhayābhyaḥ
Genitive	निर्भयायाः / निर्भयायै² nirbhayāyāḥ / nirbhayāyai²	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयाणाम् nirbhayāṇām
Locative	निर्भयायाम् nirbhayāyām	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयासु nirbhayāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of निर्भय (nirbhaya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	निर्भयम् nirbhayam	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Vocative	निर्भय nirbhaya	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Accusative	निर्भयम् nirbhayam	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Instrumental	निर्भयेण nirbhayeṇa	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयैः / निर्भयेभिः¹ nirbhayaiḥ / nirbhayebhiḥ¹
Dative	निर्भयाय nirbhayāya	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Ablative	निर्भयात् nirbhayāt	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Genitive	निर्भयस्य nirbhayasya	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयाणाम् nirbhayāṇām
Locative	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयेषु nirbhayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: nibbhaya
• Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀬 (ṇibbhaya)
  • Maharastri Prakrit:
    • Old Marathi:

      Devanagari script: निभ (nibha)

      Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘥 (nībha)

• → Assamese: নিৰ্ভয় (nirbhoy) (learned)
• → Bengali: নির্ভয় (nirbhoẏ) (learned)
• → Hindi: निर्भय (nirbhay) (learned)
• → Gujarati: નિર્ભય (nirbhaya) (learned)
• → Kannada: ನಿರ್ಭಯ (nirbhaya) (learned)
• → Lao: ນິຣະໄພ (ni ra phai)
• → Maithili: (learned)

  Devanagari script: निर्भय (nirbhay)

  Tirhuta script: 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒦𑒨 (nirbhaya)

• → Malayalam: നിർഭയം (niṟbhayaṁ) (learned)
• → Marathi: निर्भय (nirbhay) (learned)
• → Odia: ନିର୍ଭୟ (nirbhôyô) (learned)
• → Sinhalese: නිර්‍භය (nirbhaya) (learned)
• → Telugu: నిర్భయము (nirbhayamu)
• → Thai: นิรภัย (ní-rá-pai)

Noun

निर्भय • (nirbhaya) stem, n

1. fearlessness, security

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of निर्भय (nirbhaya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	निर्भयम् nirbhayam	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Vocative	निर्भय nirbhaya	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Accusative	निर्भयम् nirbhayam	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Instrumental	निर्भयेण nirbhayeṇa	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयैः / निर्भयेभिः¹ nirbhayaiḥ / nirbhayebhiḥ¹
Dative	निर्भयाय nirbhayāya	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Ablative	निर्भयात् nirbhayāt	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Genitive	निर्भयस्य nirbhayasya	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयाणाम् nirbhayāṇām
Locative	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयेषु nirbhayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “निर्भय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 541.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “निर्भय”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “निर्भय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nirbhaya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press