मार्दव

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

মাৰ্দৱ (Assamese script)
ᬫᬵᬃᬤᬯ (Balinese script)
মার্দব (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰯𑰨𑰿𑰟𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀤𑀯 (Brahmi script)
မာရ်္ဒဝ (Burmese script)
માર્દવ (Gujarati script)
ਮਾਰ੍ਦਵ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌮𑌾𑌰𑍍𑌦𑌵 (Grantha script)
ꦩꦴꦂꦢꦮ (Javanese script)
𑂧𑂰𑂩𑂹𑂠𑂫 (Kaithi script)
ಮಾರ್ದವ (Kannada script)
មាទ៌វ (Khmer script)
ມາຣ຺ທວ (Lao script)
മാര്ദവ (Malayalam script)
ᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᡩᠠᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘦𑘰𑘨𑘿𑘟𑘪 (Modi script)
ᠮᠠᢗᠷᢑᠠᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧆𑧑𑧈𑧠𑦿𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐡𑐰 (Newa script)
ମାର୍ଦଵ (Odia script)
ꢪꢵꢬ꣄ꢣꢮ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆳𑆫𑇀𑆢𑆮 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖯𑖨𑖿𑖟𑖪 (Siddham script)
මාර්‍දව (Sinhalese script)
𑩴𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩭𑩾 (Soyombo script)
𑚢𑚭𑚤𑚶𑚛𑚦 (Takri script)
மார்த³வ (Tamil script)
మార్దవ (Telugu script)
มารฺทว (Thai script)
མཱ་རྡ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒰𑒩𑓂𑒠𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
𑨢𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨛𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative of मृदु (mṛdú, “soft”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɑːɾ.dɐ.ʋɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈmɑːɾ.d̪ɐ.ʋɐ/

Noun

मार्दव • (mārdava) stem, n

softness, gentleness, leniency
Synonym: मृदुता (mṛdutā)
- c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka, Caraka Saṃhitā 4.3.13.3-4:
  स्मार्तं हि ज्ञानमात्मनस्तस्यैव मनसोऽनुबन्धादनुवर्तते यस्यानुवृत्तिं पुरस्कृत्य पुरुषो जातिस्मर इत्युच्यते ।
  यानि खल्वस्य गर्भस्य सत्त्वजानि यान्यस्य सत्त्वतः सम्भवतः सम्भवन्ति तान्यनुव्याख्यास्यामः तद्यथा भक्तिः शीलं शौचं द्वेषः स्मृतिर्मोहस्त्यागो मात्सर्यं शौर्यं भयं क्रोधस्तन्द्रोत्साहस्तैक्ष्ण्यं मार्दवं गाम्भीर्यमनवस्थितत्वमित्येवमादयश्चान्ये ते सत्त्वविकारा यानुत्तरकालं सत्त्वभेदमधिकृत्योपदेक्ष्यामः ॥
  smārtaṃ hi jñānamātmanastasyaiva manasoʼnubandhādanuvartate yasyānuvṛttiṃ puraskṛtya puruṣo jātismara ityucyate.
  yāni khalvasya garbhasya sattvajāni yānyasya sattvataḥ sambhavataḥ sambhavanti tānyanuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ tadyathā bhaktiḥ śīlaṃ śaucaṃ dveṣaḥ smṛtirmohastyāgo mātsaryaṃ śauryaṃ bhayaṃ krodhastandrotsāhastaikṣṇyaṃ mārdavaṃ gāmbhīryamanavasthitatvamityevamādayaścānye te sattvavikārā yānuttarakālaṃ sattvabhedamadhikṛtyopadekṣyāmaḥ.
  We shall now enumerate the mind-born parts of the embryo, i. e those that pass from the mind, to the embryo during its formation. These are - inclination, character, purity, hate, recollection, infatuation, liberality, envy, valour, fear, anger, torpor, enthusiasm, keenness, softness, profundity, fickleness, and such others; as also the conditions of the mind, which we shall later describe in connection with the analysis of mind. The mind is indeed of diverse dispositions; all these obtain in the same man but not at the same time. When a man is said to be of a particular disposition, he is said to be so by reason of its preponderance.

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of मार्दव (mārdava)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मार्दवम् mārdavam	मार्दवे mārdave	मार्दवानि / मार्दवा¹ mārdavāni / mārdavā¹
Vocative	मार्दव mārdava	मार्दवे mārdave	मार्दवानि / मार्दवा¹ mārdavāni / mārdavā¹
Accusative	मार्दवम् mārdavam	मार्दवे mārdave	मार्दवानि / मार्दवा¹ mārdavāni / mārdavā¹
Instrumental	मार्दवेन mārdavena	मार्दवाभ्याम् mārdavābhyām	मार्दवैः / मार्दवेभिः¹ mārdavaiḥ / mārdavebhiḥ¹
Dative	मार्दवाय mārdavāya	मार्दवाभ्याम् mārdavābhyām	मार्दवेभ्यः mārdavebhyaḥ
Ablative	मार्दवात् mārdavāt	मार्दवाभ्याम् mārdavābhyām	मार्दवेभ्यः mārdavebhyaḥ
Genitive	मार्दवस्य mārdavasya	मार्दवयोः mārdavayoḥ	मार्दवानाम् mārdavānām
Locative	मार्दवे mārdave	मार्दवयोः mārdavayoḥ	मार्दवेषु mārdaveṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: maddava
Prakrit: 𑀫𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀯 (maddava)
→ Old Javanese: mārdawa
- Javanese: ꦩꦂꦢꦮ (mardawa)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “मार्दव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 813.
Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “mārdava”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “मार्दव”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1266