वणिज्

See also: वाणिज

Sanskrit

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wen(h₁)-h₂ǵ-, composed of *wenh₁- (“to win”) + *h₂eǵ- (“to drive, lead”).^[1]^[2] Compare वनोति (vanóti), particularly in the meaning “to acquire”, and अजति (ájati, “to drive”), respectively.

वणिज् • (vaṇíj) stem, m

merchant, trader, businessman
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.112.11:
  याभिः॑ सुदानू औशि॒जाय॑ व॒णिजे॑ दी॒र्घश्र॑वसे॒ मधु॒ कोशो॒ अक्ष॑रत् ।
  क॒क्षीव॑न्तं स्तो॒तारं॒ याभि॒राव॑तं॒ ताभि॑रू॒ षु ऊ॒तिभि॑रश्वि॒ना ग॑तम् ॥
  yā́bhiḥ sudānū auśijā́ya vaṇíje dīrgháśravase mádhu kóśo ákṣarat.
  kakṣī́vantaṃ stotā́raṃ yā́bhirā́vataṃ tā́bhirū ṣú ūtíbhiraśvinā́ gatam.
  With those aids by which, beauteous donors, the cloud was made to shed its sweet water, for Dīrgháśravas, for the merchant Aukṣija, and by which you protected the devout Kakṣīvat; with them, Aśvins, come willingly hither.
(astrology, astronomy) the zodiacal sign Libra
- 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā
trade, traffic, commerce, merchanthood
- c. 300 BCE, Gautama Dharmasūtra 2.1.49.1:
  वैश्यस्याधिकं कृषिवणिक्पाशुपाल्यकुसीदम् ॥
  vaiśyasyādhikaṃ kṛṣivaṇikpāśupālyakusīdam.
  Farming, commerce, herdsmanship and usury is more for a Vaiśya.
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
  )

Masculine root-stem declension of वणिज् (vaṇíj)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वणिक् vaṇík	वणिजौ / वणिजा¹ vaṇíjau / vaṇíjā¹	वणिजः vaṇíjaḥ
Vocative	वणिक् váṇik	वणिजौ / वणिजा¹ váṇijau / váṇijā¹	वणिजः váṇijaḥ
Accusative	वणिजम् vaṇíjam	वणिजौ / वणिजा¹ vaṇíjau / vaṇíjā¹	वणिजः vaṇíjaḥ
Instrumental	वणिजा vaṇíjā	वणिग्भ्याम् vaṇígbhyām	वणिग्भिः vaṇígbhiḥ
Dative	वणिजे vaṇíje	वणिग्भ्याम् vaṇígbhyām	वणिग्भ्यः vaṇígbhyaḥ
Ablative	वणिजः vaṇíjaḥ	वणिग्भ्याम् vaṇígbhyām	वणिग्भ्यः vaṇígbhyaḥ
Genitive	वणिजः vaṇíjaḥ	वणिजोः vaṇíjoḥ	वणिजाम् vaṇíjām
Locative	वणिजि vaṇíji	वणिजोः vaṇíjoḥ	वणिक्षु vaṇíkṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Monier Williams (1899) “वणिज्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0915.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vaṇíj”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 655
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “वणिज्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1383

^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*h₂eĝ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 267, 270
^ “banyan”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.