वार्

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• वारि (vāri)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱাৰ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬵᬃ (Balinese script)
• বার্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰯𑰨𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀸𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ဝါရ် (Burmese script)
• વાર્ (Gujarati script)
• ਵਾਰ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑌾𑌰𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦴꦂ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂰𑂩𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ವಾರ್ (Kannada script)
• វារ៑ (Khmer script)
• ວາຣ຺ (Lao script)
• വാര് (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘰𑘨𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠠᢗᠷ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧑𑧈𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐵𑐬𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଵାର୍ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢵꢬ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆳𑆫𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖯𑖨𑖿 (Siddham script)
• වාර් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩛𑩼 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚭𑚤𑚶 (Takri script)
• வார் (Tamil script)
• వార్ (Telugu script)
• วารฺ (Thai script)
• ཝཱ་ར྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒰𑒩𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨊𑨫𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáHr̥, derived from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (through the "Kortlandt effect", which posits that *d becomes *h₁ under certain conditions). Compare Avestan 𐬬𐬁𐬭 (vār), Persian باران (bârân, “rain”), Latin ūrīna, ūrīnārī, Old English ūrig (“moist”), Old Prussian wurs (“pool”), perhaps Old Armenian գայռ (gayṙ, “mud”) and Proto-Slavic *varъ.

Pronunciation

• (Early Rigvedic): IPA^(key): /ʋɐ́.ɐɾ/

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋɑ́ːɾ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋɑːɾ/

Noun

वार् • (vā́r) stem, n

1. water
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.112.4:

     अश्वो॒ वोळ्हा॑ सु॒खं रथं॑ हस॒नामु॑पम॒न्त्रिणः॑ ।
     शेपो॒ रोम॑ण्वन्तौ भे॒दौ वार्इन्म॒ण्डूक॑ इच्छ॒तीन्द्रा॑येन्दो॒ परि॑ स्रव ॥

     áśvo vóḷhā sukháṃ ráthaṃ hasanā́mupamantríṇaḥ.
     śépo rómaṇvantau bhedaú vā́rínmaṇḍū́ka icchatī́ndrāyendo pári srava.

     The draught horse (desire) a cart easy (to draw); those who invite guests (desire) merriment; the frog desires water; flow, Indu, for Indra.

2. stagnant water, a pond, pool

Usage notes

In the Rigveda, वार् (vā́r) is only attested in the nom./acc.sg. and forms a suppletive paradigm with उदन् (udán).

Declension

Neuter root-stem declension of वार्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	वाः (vā́ḥ)	वारी (vārī́)	वारि (vā́ri)
accusative	वाः (vā́ḥ)	वारी (vārī́)	वारि (vā́ri)
instrumental	वारा (vārā́)	वार्भ्याम् (vārbhyā́m)	वार्भिः (vārbhíḥ)
dative	वारे (vāré)	वार्भ्याम् (vārbhyā́m)	वार्भ्यः (vārbhyáḥ)
ablative	वारः (vāráḥ)	वार्भ्याम् (vārbhyā́m)	वार्भ्यः (vārbhyáḥ)
genitive	वारः (vāráḥ)	वारोः (vāróḥ)	वाराम् (vārā́m)
locative	वारि (vārí)	वारोः (vāróḥ)	वार्षु (vārṣú)
vocative	वाः (vā́ḥ)	वारी (vā́rī)	वारि (vā́ri)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “वार्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 943, column 1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “vā́r-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 544-5
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2013) “The Vedic Paradigm for ‘water’”, in Adam Cooper, Jeremy Rau, and Michael Weiss, editors, Multi Nominis Grammaticus: Studies in Classical and Indo-European Linguistics in Honor Of Alan J. Nussbaum, on the Occasion of His Sixty-fifth Birthday, Beech Stave Press, →ISBN