शक्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শক্ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬓ᭄ (Balinese script)
• শক্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰎𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀓𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ၐက် (Burmese script)
• શક્ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਕੑ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌕𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦏ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂍𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಕ್ (Kannada script)
• ឝក៑ (Khmer script)
• ຨກ຺ (Lao script)
• ശക് (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᡬ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘎𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢉ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑦮𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐎𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଶକ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢒ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆑𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖎𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ශක් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩜 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஶக் (Tamil script)
• శక్ (Telugu script)
• ศกฺ (Thai script)
• ཤ་ཀ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒏𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨋𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śak-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćak-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱek- (“to be able”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬐- (sak-, “to agree”), Proto-Germanic *hagaz (“capable”), perhaps whence English hex (“to cast a spell”) and hag (“witch-like woman”), and Old Irish cécht (“might, power”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐk/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ɕɐk/

Root

शक् • (śak)

1. to be able
2. can

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root शक्‎ (0 c, 2 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• शक्नोति (śaknóti, Present)
• शक्ष्यति (śakṣyáti, Future)
• शक्ता (śaktā́, Periphrastic Future)
• अशकत् (áśakat, Aorist)
• शशाक (śaśā́ka, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• शक्यते (śakyáte, Passive)
• अशाकि (áśāki, Passive)
• शाकयति (śākáyati, Causative)
• अशीशकत् (áśīśakat, Causative)
• शाशक्यते (śāśakyate, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• शक्तवे (śaktave, Infinitive)
• शक्तुम् (śaktum, Infinitive)
• शक्त (śaktá, Past Participle)
• शकित (śakitá, Past Participle)

Derived Nominal Forms

• शक्मन् (śákman, “power, strength, ability, capacity, enterprise”)
• शाक्मन् (śā́kman, “support, enabling, assistance, aid”)
• शग्म (śagmá, “potent, mighty, efficacious; friendly, supportive, enabling”)
• शक्य (śakya)
• शाक (śāka)
• शची (śacī)
• शाकी (śā́kī)
• शाचि (śāci)
• शक्ति (śakti)
• शक्र (śakra)
• शिक्व (śikva)
• शक्वन् (śakvan)
• शिक्वन् (śikvan)
• शिक्वस् (śikvas)
• शचिष्ठ (śaciṣṭha)

• शिक्ष् (√śíkṣ, “desiderative root”)

Descendants

• → Kannada: ಶಕ್ಯ (śakya, “possible”)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शक्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1044/1.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 169
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śáḿsa- - ŚAK”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 600
• Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 323-324