शक्र
Hindi
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Sanskrit शक्र (śakra).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editशक्र • (śakra) (indeclinable)
Proper noun
editशक्र • (śakra) m
Further reading
edit- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “शक्र”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- Platts, John T. (1884) “शक्र”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शक्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
editAlternative scripts
editAlternative scripts
- শক্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬓ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- শক্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰎𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀓𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ၐကြ (Burmese script)
- શક્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਕ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌕𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦏꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂍𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಶಕ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ឝក្រ (Khmer script)
- ຨກ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- ശക്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠠᡬᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘎𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠠᢉᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑦮𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐎𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଶକ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢯꢒ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆑𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖎𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ශක්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩜 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚊𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஶக்ர (Tamil script)
- శక్ర (Telugu script)
- ศกฺร (Thai script)
- ཤ་ཀྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒏𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨋𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
editFrom the root शक् (śak, “to be strong, powerful, capable”) + -र (-ra, “adjectival suffix”).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editशक्र • (śakrá) stem (root शक्)
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of शक्र (śakrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शक्रः śakráḥ |
शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śakraú / śakrā́¹ |
शक्राः / शक्रासः¹ śakrā́ḥ / śakrā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | शक्र śákra |
शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śákrau / śákrā¹ |
शक्राः / शक्रासः¹ śákrāḥ / śákrāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | शक्रम् śakrám |
शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śakraú / śakrā́¹ |
शक्रान् śakrā́n |
Instrumental | शक्रेण śakréṇa |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्रैः / शक्रेभिः¹ śakraíḥ / śakrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | शक्राय śakrā́ya |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | शक्रात् śakrā́t |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | शक्रस्य śakrásya |
शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ |
शक्राणाम् śakrā́ṇām |
Locative | शक्रे śakré |
शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ |
शक्रेषु śakréṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of शक्रा (śakrā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शक्रा śakrā́ |
शक्रे śakré |
शक्राः śakrā́ḥ |
Vocative | शक्रे śákre |
शक्रे śákre |
शक्राः śákrāḥ |
Accusative | शक्राम् śakrā́m |
शक्रे śakré |
शक्राः śakrā́ḥ |
Instrumental | शक्रया / शक्रा¹ śakráyā / śakrā́¹ |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्राभिः śakrā́bhiḥ |
Dative | शक्रायै śakrā́yai |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्राभ्यः śakrā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | शक्रायाः / शक्रायै² śakrā́yāḥ / śakrā́yai² |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्राभ्यः śakrā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | शक्रायाः / शक्रायै² śakrā́yāḥ / śakrā́yai² |
शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ |
शक्राणाम् śakrā́ṇām |
Locative | शक्रायाम् śakrā́yām |
शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ |
शक्रासु śakrā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of शक्र (śakrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शक्रम् śakrám |
शक्रे śakré |
शक्राणि / शक्रा¹ śakrā́ṇi / śakrā́¹ |
Vocative | शक्र śákra |
शक्रे śákre |
शक्राणि / शक्रा¹ śákrāṇi / śákrā¹ |
Accusative | शक्रम् śakrám |
शक्रे śakré |
शक्राणि / शक्रा¹ śakrā́ṇi / śakrā́¹ |
Instrumental | शक्रेण śakréṇa |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्रैः / शक्रेभिः¹ śakraíḥ / śakrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | शक्राय śakrā́ya |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | शक्रात् śakrā́t |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | शक्रस्य śakrásya |
शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ |
शक्राणाम् śakrā́ṇām |
Locative | शक्रे śakré |
शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ |
शक्रेषु śakréṣu |
Notes |
|
Proper noun
editशक्र • (śakrá) stem, m
- (Vedic religion, Hinduism) Indra
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.104.10:
- वी॒रेण्यः॒ क्रतु॒रिन्द्रः॑ सुश॒स्तिरु॒तापि॒ धेना॑ पुरुहू॒तमी॑ट्टे। आर्द॑यद्वृ॒त्रमकृ॑णोदु लो॒कं स॑सा॒हे श॒क्रः पृत॑ना अभि॒ष्टिः॥
- vīréṇyaḥ kráturíndraḥ suśastírutā́pi dhénā puruhūtámīṭṭe. ā́rdayadvṛtrámákṛṇodulokáṃ sasāhé śakráḥ pŕ̥tanā abhiṣṭíḥ.
- Heroic power and noble praise is Indra yea, the song worships him invoked of many. Vṛtra he quelled, and gave men room and freedom: Śakra, victorious, hath conquered armies.
- वी॒रेण्यः॒ क्रतु॒रिन्द्रः॑ सुश॒स्तिरु॒तापि॒ धेना॑ पुरुहू॒तमी॑ट्टे। आर्द॑यद्वृ॒त्रमकृ॑णोदु लो॒कं स॑सा॒हे श॒क्रः पृत॑ना अभि॒ष्टिः॥
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 12.6.19:
- तं गोपायति राजेन्द्र शक्रः शरणमागतम्। तेन संस्तम्भितः सर्पस्तस्मान्नाग्नौ पतत्यसौ॥
- taṃ gopāyati rājendra śakraḥ śaraṇamāgatam. tena saṃstambhitaḥ sarpastasmānnāgnau patatyasau.
- [The Brāhmaṇas replied:] O best of kings, he [the snake Takṣaka] has not fallen into the fire because he is being protected by Indra, whom he has approached for shelter. Indra is holding him back from the fire.
- तं गोपायति राजेन्द्र शक्रः शरणमागतम्। तेन संस्तम्भितः सर्पस्तस्मान्नाग्नौ पतत्यसौ॥
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 8.6.34:
- दूरभारोद्वहश्रान्ताः शक्रवैरोचनादयः। अपारयन्तस्तं वोढुं विवशा विजहुः पथि॥
- dūrabhārodvahaśrāntāḥ śakravairocanādayaḥ. apārayantastaṃ voḍhuṃ vivaśā vijahuḥ pathi.
- Because of conveying the great mountain for a long distance, Indra, Vairocana [son of Virocana, Mahābali] and the other demigods and demons became fatigued. Being unable to carry the mountain, they left it on the way.
- दूरभारोद्वहश्रान्ताः शक्रवैरोचनादयः। अपारयन्तस्तं वोढुं विवशा विजहुः पथि॥
- (Buddhism) Śakra (Buddhism equivalent of Indra)
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of शक्र (śakrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शक्रः śakráḥ |
शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śakraú / śakrā́¹ |
शक्राः / शक्रासः¹ śakrā́ḥ / śakrā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | शक्र śákra |
शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śákrau / śákrā¹ |
शक्राः / शक्रासः¹ śákrāḥ / śákrāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | शक्रम् śakrám |
शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śakraú / śakrā́¹ |
शक्रान् śakrā́n |
Instrumental | शक्रेण śakréṇa |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्रैः / शक्रेभिः¹ śakraíḥ / śakrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | शक्राय śakrā́ya |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | शक्रात् śakrā́t |
शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām |
शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | शक्रस्य śakrásya |
शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ |
शक्राणाम् śakrā́ṇām |
Locative | शक्रे śakré |
शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ |
शक्रेषु śakréṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “शक्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1045.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “śakra”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “शक्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “शक्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śakrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Sanskrit root शक्
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱek-
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Hindi terms with rare senses
- Hindi proper nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- hi:Hinduism
- hi:Vedic religion
- hi:Buddhism
- Sanskrit terms suffixed with -र
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root शक्
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit proper nouns
- Sanskrit proper nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- sa:Vedic religion
- sa:Hinduism
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- sa:Buddhism
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns