शुभ्र
Sanskrit
editAlternative scripts
editAlternative scripts
- শুভ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬸᬪ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- শুভ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰲𑰥𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀼𑀪𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ၐုဘြ (Burmese script)
- શુભ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ੁਭ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑍁𑌭𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦸꦨꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂳𑂦𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಶುಭ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ឝុភ្រ (Khmer script)
- ຨຸຠ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- ശുഭ്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᡠᢨᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘳𑘥𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠤᠪᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧔𑧅𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐸𑐨𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଶୁଭ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢯꢸꢩ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆶𑆨𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖲𑖥𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ශුභ්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩒𑩳 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚰𑚡𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஶுப்⁴ர (Tamil script)
- శుభ్ర (Telugu script)
- ศุภฺร (Thai script)
- ཤུ་བྷྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒳𑒦𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨃𑨡𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-Aryan *śubʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćubʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱubʰ-rós, from *ḱewbʰ- (“beautiful, clean”). Cognate with Old Armenian սուրբ (surb, “pure, holy”).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editशुभ्र • (śubhrá) stem
- bright, radiant, shining
- beautiful, splendid
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.11.4:
- शु॒भ्रं नु ते॒ शुष्मं॑ व॒र्धय॑न्तः शु॒भ्रं वज्रं॑ बा॒ह्वोर्दधा॑नाः।
शु॒भ्रस्त्वमि॑न्द्र वावृधा॒नो अ॒स्मे दासी॒र्विश॒: सूर्ये॑ण सह्याः॥- śubhráṃ nú te śúṣmaṃ vardháyantaḥ śubhráṃ vájraṃ bāhvórdádhānāḥ.
śubhrástvámindra vāvṛdhānó asmé dā́sīrvíśa: sū́ryeṇa sahyāḥ. - We who add strength to thine own splendid vigour, laying within thine arms the splendid thunder—
With us mayst thou, O Indra, waxen splendid, with Sūrya overcome the Dāsa races.
- śubhráṃ nú te śúṣmaṃ vardháyantaḥ śubhráṃ vájraṃ bāhvórdádhānāḥ.
- शु॒भ्रं नु ते॒ शुष्मं॑ व॒र्धय॑न्तः शु॒भ्रं वज्रं॑ बा॒ह्वोर्दधा॑नाः।
- clear, spotless
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of शुभ्र (śubhrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शुभ्रः śubhráḥ |
शुभ्रौ / शुभ्रा¹ śubhraú / śubhrā́¹ |
शुभ्राः / शुभ्रासः¹ śubhrā́ḥ / śubhrā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | शुभ्र śúbhra |
शुभ्रौ / शुभ्रा¹ śúbhrau / śúbhrā¹ |
शुभ्राः / शुभ्रासः¹ śúbhrāḥ / śúbhrāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | शुभ्रम् śubhrám |
शुभ्रौ / शुभ्रा¹ śubhraú / śubhrā́¹ |
शुभ्रान् śubhrā́n |
Instrumental | शुभ्रेण śubhréṇa |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्रैः / शुभ्रेभिः¹ śubhraíḥ / śubhrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | शुभ्राय śubhrā́ya |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्रेभ्यः śubhrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | शुभ्रात् śubhrā́t |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्रेभ्यः śubhrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | शुभ्रस्य śubhrásya |
शुभ्रयोः śubhráyoḥ |
शुभ्राणाम् śubhrā́ṇām |
Locative | शुभ्रे śubhré |
शुभ्रयोः śubhráyoḥ |
शुभ्रेषु śubhréṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of शुभ्रा (śubhrā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शुभ्रा śubhrā́ |
शुभ्रे śubhré |
शुभ्राः śubhrā́ḥ |
Vocative | शुभ्रे śúbhre |
शुभ्रे śúbhre |
शुभ्राः śúbhrāḥ |
Accusative | शुभ्राम् śubhrā́m |
शुभ्रे śubhré |
शुभ्राः śubhrā́ḥ |
Instrumental | शुभ्रया / शुभ्रा¹ śubhráyā / śubhrā́¹ |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्राभिः śubhrā́bhiḥ |
Dative | शुभ्रायै śubhrā́yai |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्राभ्यः śubhrā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | शुभ्रायाः / शुभ्रायै² śubhrā́yāḥ / śubhrā́yai² |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्राभ्यः śubhrā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | शुभ्रायाः / शुभ्रायै² śubhrā́yāḥ / śubhrā́yai² |
शुभ्रयोः śubhráyoḥ |
शुभ्राणाम् śubhrā́ṇām |
Locative | शुभ्रायाम् śubhrā́yām |
शुभ्रयोः śubhráyoḥ |
शुभ्रासु śubhrā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of शुभ्र (śubhrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शुभ्रम् śubhrám |
शुभ्रे śubhré |
शुभ्राणि / शुभ्रा¹ śubhrā́ṇi / śubhrā́¹ |
Vocative | शुभ्र śúbhra |
शुभ्रे śúbhre |
शुभ्राणि / शुभ्रा¹ śúbhrāṇi / śúbhrā¹ |
Accusative | शुभ्रम् śubhrám |
शुभ्रे śubhré |
शुभ्राणि / शुभ्रा¹ śubhrā́ṇi / śubhrā́¹ |
Instrumental | शुभ्रेण śubhréṇa |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्रैः / शुभ्रेभिः¹ śubhraíḥ / śubhrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | शुभ्राय śubhrā́ya |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्रेभ्यः śubhrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | शुभ्रात् śubhrā́t |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्रेभ्यः śubhrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | शुभ्रस्य śubhrásya |
शुभ्रयोः śubhráyoḥ |
शुभ्राणाम् śubhrā́ṇām |
Locative | शुभ्रे śubhré |
शुभ्रयोः śubhráyoḥ |
शुभ्रेषु śubhréṣu |
Notes |
|
Borrowed terms
edit- → Telugu: శుభ్రము (śubhramu)
Descendants
edit- Dardic:
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (šulā, “clay”)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪 (subbha, “white”)
References
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “शुभ्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1084.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 647; 657-8
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śubhrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Categories:
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations