ಅದು
Kannada
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Dravidian *atu (“it”). Cognate with Tamil அது (atu, “it”), Telugu అది (adi), Malayalam അത് (atŭ).
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editಅದು • (adu)
- (neuter) that
- (that thing) it
- (Havigannada) she
- ಅದು ನನ್ನ ಅಬ್ಬೆ.
- adu nanna abbe.
- She is my mother.
Declension
edit| Case/Form | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | "Objective Singular" | Epicene Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ಅವನು (avanu) | ಅವಳು (avaḷu) | ಅದು (adu) | ಅವರು (avaru) |
| Accusative | ಅವನನ್ನು (avanannu) | ಅವಳನ್ನು (avaḷannu) | ಅದನ್ನು (adannu) | ಅವರನ್ನು (avarannu) |
| Instrumental | ಅವನಿಂದ (avaninda) | ಅವಳಿಂದ (avaḷinda) | ಅದರಿಂದ (adarinda) | ಅವರಿಂದ (avarinda) |
| Dative | ಅವನಿಗೆ (avanige) | ಅವಳಿಗೆ (avaḷige) | ಅದಕ್ಕೆ (adakke) | ಅವರಿಗೆ (avarige) |
| Genitive | ಅವನ (avana) | ಅವಳ (avaḷa) | ಅದರ (adara) | ಅವರ (avara) |
| Locative | ಅವನಲ್ಲಿ (avanalli) | ಅವಳಲ್ಲಿ (avaḷalli) | ಅದರಲ್ಲಿ (adaralli) | ಅವರಲ್ಲಿ (avaralli) |
| Ablative | ಅವನಲ್ಲಿಂದ (avanallinda) | ಅವಳಲ್ಲಿಂದ (avaḷallinda) | ಅದರಿಂದ (adarinda) | ಅವರಲ್ಲಿಂದ (avarallinda) |
| Illative | ಅವನಲ್ಲಿಗೆ (avanallige) | ಅವಳಲ್ಲಿಗೆ (avaḷallige) | ಅದರಲ್ಲಿಗೆ (adarallige) | ಅವರಲ್ಲಿಗೆ (avarallige) |
The locative, ablative, and illative forms are not considered cases by many modern authorities. Instead, they are considered combinations of the genitive case of the noun and "ಅಲ್ಲಿ," meaning "there." Therefore, "ಮರದಲ್ಲಿ" means "there of the tree." This explanation is likely because "ಅಲ್ಲಿ" can still be declined even in its combination with the genitive. For example, the "ablative" form is simply the instrumental case of "ಅಲ್ಲಿ" suffixed to the genitive. However, because many learners' grammars, traditional grammars, and a few modern authorities will give the locative case as a case, it has been included in the declension table. In any case, some may consider the locative a case that has evolved from a postposition anyway because "ಅಲ್ಲಿ" cannot be separated from the noun as with other postpositions.
See also
edit| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | Normal | ನಾನು (nānu) ಆನು (ānu) |
ನಾವು (nāvu) | ||
| reflexive | ತಾನು (tānu) | ತಾವು (tāvu) | |||
| 2nd person | ನೀನು (nīnu) | ನೀವು (nīvu) | |||
| 3rd person | masculine | ಇವನು (ivanu) (proximal) ಅವನು (avanu) (distal) ಯಾವನು (yāvanu) (interrogative) |
ಇವರು (ivaru) (proximal) ಅವರು (avaru) (distal) ಯಾರು (yāru) (interrogative) ದಾರು (dāru) (interrogative) | ||
| feminine | ಇವಳು (ivaḷu) (proximal) ಅವಳು (avaḷu) (distal) ಯಾವಳು (yāvaḷu) (interrogative) | ||||
| non-human | ಇದು (idu) (proximal) ಅದು (adu) (distal) |
ಇವು (ivu) (proximal) ಅವು (avu) (distal) | |||