ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst

Egyptian

Etymology

ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) +‎ ḫꜣst (“foreign land”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘ruler of a foreign land’.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛkɑ xɑsɛt/
  • Conventional anglicization: heqa-khaset

Noun

 m

1. a foreign ruler generally
2. one of the Hyksos

Usage notes

This term also commonly appears with the nomen rectum pluralized, as ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣswt (“ruler of foreign lands”).

Inflection

Declension of ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst (masculine)

singular	ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst
dual	ḥqꜣwj-ḫꜣst
plural	ḥqꜣw-ḫꜣst

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst  

ḥqꜣ-n-ḫꜣst	ḥqꜣw-ḫꜣswt
	with both nouns in the plural

Descendants

• → Ancient Greek: Ὑκσώς (Huksṓs), Ὑξώς (Huxṓs)
  • → English: Hyksos

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 171.28–171.29