ḥsq

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛsɛk/
  • Conventional anglicization: heseq

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive, of people or animals) to behead [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (transitive, of body parts, especially the head) to sever, to cut off [since the Pyramid Texts]
   • c. 1600 BCE, Westcar Papyrus 7,4:

     jw.f rḫ ṯz tp ḥsq

     He knows how to reattach a severed head.

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥsq (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥsq, geminated stem: ḥsqq

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḥsq	ḥsqw, ḥsq	ḥsqt	ḥsq	ḥsq

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḥsq	ḥr ḥsq	m ḥsq	r ḥsq

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḥsq.n	ḥsqw, ḥsq	consecutive	ḥsq.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḥsqt
perfective3	ḥsq	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḥsq.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḥsq	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḥsq	ḥsqq	potentialis1	ḥsq.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḥsq	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḥsq.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḥsq	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥsq	ḥsq, ḥsqw5, ḥsqy5
imperfective	ḥsq, ḥsqy, ḥsqw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥsq, ḥsqj6, ḥsqy6	ḥsq, ḥsqw5
prospective	ḥsq, ḥsqtj7	—	ḥsqtj4, ḥsqt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥsq  

ḥsq

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 213.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 168.15–169.2