ḫdj

See also: ḥḏj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈχitʼjit/ → /ˈχitʼjiʔ/ → /ˈχeʔtʼa/ → /ˈχeʔtʼə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχitʼjit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχitʼjiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχeʔtʼa/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχeʔtʼə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɛdi/
  • Conventional anglicization: khedi

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to go downstream, to go northwards
2. (intransitive, of water) to flow

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫdj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḫd, geminated stem: ḫdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫdt, ḫdj	ḫdw, ḫd	ḫdt, ḫdwt, ḫdyt	ḫd	ḫd, ḫdy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫd8, ḫdd8	ḥr ḫdt, ḥr ḫdj	m ḫdt, m ḫdj	r ḫdt, r ḫdj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ḫd.n	consecutive	ḫd.jn
terminative	ḫdt, ḫdyt
perfective3	ḫd	obligative1	ḫd.ḫr
imperfective	ḫd, ḫdy
prospective3	ḫdw, ḫd, ḫdy	potentialis1	ḫd.kꜣ
subjunctive	ḫd, ḫdy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ḫd.n	—	—
perfective	ḫdw1, ḫdy, ḫd	ḫd	ḫdy, ḫd
imperfective	ḫdd, ḫddy, ḫddw5	ḫdd, ḫddj6, ḫddy6	ḫdd, ḫddw5
prospective	ḫdw1, ḫdy, ḫd, ḫdtj7	ḫdwtj1 4, ḫdtj4, ḫdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Antonyms

• ḫntj

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲁϯ (xati)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲉϯ (heti)
• Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲉϯ (heti), ϩⲉⲧⲉ (hete), ϩⲉϯⲉ (hetie)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲁⲧⲉ (hate), ϩⲁⲁⲧⲉ (haate), ϩⲁⲁⲧ⸗ (haat⸗)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 165.
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 199
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 354.9–355.8