-y

See also: Appendix:Variations of "y"

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Alternative forms

• -e, -ey, -ie
• -i- (when followed by another suffix)

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Germanic *-gaz

Proto-West Germanic *-g

Old English -iġ

Middle English -y

English -y

From Middle English -y, -i, from Old English -iġ (“-y, -ic”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y, -ic”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ikos, *-iḱos (“-y, -ic”).

Cognate with Scots -ie (“-y”), West Frisian -ich (“-y”), Dutch -ig (“-y”), Low German -ig (“-y”), German -ig (“-y”), Swedish -ig (“-y”), Gothic -𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-igs, “-y”), Latin -icus (“-y, -ic”), Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Sanskrit -इक (-ika). Doublet of -ac and -ic.

Suffix

-y

2. Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”.

   ‎mess + ‎-y → ‎messy

   ‎mouse + ‎-y → ‎mousy

   ‎blue + ‎-y → ‎bluey

   ‎clay + ‎-y → ‎clayey

   ‎tree + ‎-y → ‎treey

   ‎hole + ‎-y → ‎holey

   ‎sponge + ‎-y → ‎spongy

   ‎cake + ‎-y → ‎caky

   ‎dice + ‎-y → ‎dicey

   ‎guts + ‎-y → ‎gutsy

   • 2003, Cory Doctorow, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom‎^[1], Macmillan, →ISBN:

     Tim keeps trying to make it all more impressionistic, less computer-y.

3. Added to verbs to form adjectives meaning "inclined to".

   ‎run + ‎-y → ‎runny

   ‎panic + ‎-y → ‎panicky

   ‎twiddle + ‎-y → ‎twiddly

Usage notes

• This suffix is extremely productive and can be added to almost any word. When the resulting word is not perceived to be an established or formal word (but rather a nonce word or a casualism), a hyphen is often used before the suffix (sandcastle → sandcastle-y, tomato-y, etc.); this is sometimes also used when an established term is used very literally, as a form of clarification (health → health-y (“relating to health”), distinct from healthy (“in a state of wellness”)).
• The final consonant is doubled just like any other vowel suffix. if -> iffy.
• For nouns and adjectives ending in Y, -ey is added. For example, clay -> clayey.
• Nouns and adjectives ending in a silent E often drop this. For example, ease -> easy.
• A few long-established words ending with this suffix have distinctive spellings, such as wintry and fiery, which English learners might misspell as *wintery and *firey.

Synonyms

• (form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”): -al, -an, -ial, -ian, -ly, -ous
• (form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”): -esque, -ish, -like, -ly, -oid

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “form “having quality of” adjectives”): -less

Translations

Note: translations of English words ending in -y do not necessarily end in the suffixes listed below.

having the quality of

• Asturian: -osu m, -osa f
• Dutch: -ig (nl)
• Finnish: -inen (fi)
• Galician: -oso (gl) m, -osa (gl) f, -ento (gl)
• Georgian: -ური (-uri), -ული (-uli)
• German: -ig (de)
• Hungarian: -os (hu), -as (hu), -es (hu), -ös (hu), -s (hu)
• Irish: -ach
• Italian: -oso (it)
• Japanese: -質 (-しつ, -shitsu), -状 (-じょう, -jou), -みたい (ja) (mitai), -様な (ja) (ような, youna), -有り (ja) (-ari), -付き (ja) (-tsuki)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: -î (ku), -în (ku)

• Latin: -osus (la) m
• Middle English: -y
• Norwegian: -ig
• Polish: -owy (pl), -ny (pl)
• Portuguese: -oso (pt)
• Romanian: -os (ro)
• Russian: -ий (ru) (-ij), -ый (ru) (-yj), -ивый (-ivyj)
• Sanskrit: -इक (-ika), -इन् (-in)
• Spanish: -iento (es) m, -oso (es) m, -iego (es) m
• Swedish: -ig (sv), -aktig (sv)
• Tagalog: ma- (tl)
• Tamil: -ஆன (-āṉa)
• Ukrainian: -ий (-yj)

inclined to

• Finnish: -va (fi), -vä (fi)
• Galician: -ento (gl) m
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: -ok (ku)

• Polish: -liwy (pl)
• Portuguese: -ento (pt)
• Russian: -ий (ru) (-ij), -ый (ru) (-yj), -ивый (-ivyj)
• Spanish: -ento (es), -iento (es)
• Swedish: -ig (sv)
• Ukrainian: -ий (-yj)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• German: ^{(please verify)} -ig (de)

Etymology 2

Cognate with Scots -ie, being inherited directly from the same source Middle English -ie, -i, from Old English -iġ (“-ie, -y”, diminutive suffix), possibly from Proto-West Germanic *-ij-, *-j- (diminutive suffix).

Not related with Dutch -je, -ie, regional Low German -je, which are from Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn (English -kin as in lambkin), nor with German -i, which is from Proto-West Germanic *-īn (English -en as in maiden). The vowel /i/ has an onomatopoeic quality to it, which may reinforce its occurrence in diminutives.

Alternative forms

• -ie, -ey, -ee

Suffix

-y

2. Forming diminutive nouns.

   granny, pinny, tummy

4. Forming familiar names, pet names, nicknames and terms of endearment.

   Andy, Billy, Johnny, Jonesy, lovey

6. Added for metrical reasons to songs, often in children's music where it may carry diminutive associations.

Synonyms

• (diminutive): mini-, micro-, nano-, -ette, -ee, -icle/-cule/-ule/-ole

Translations

Note: translations of English words ending in -y do not necessarily end in the suffixes listed below.

forming diminutive nouns

• Armenian: -իկ (-ik), -ուկ (-uk), -ակ (-ak)
• Asturian: -ín (ast) m, -ina (ast) f
• Catalan: -et (ca) m, -eta (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 子 (zh) (zǐ), 兒 / 儿 (zh) (ér)

• Dutch: -je (nl), -tje (nl), -etje (nl), -pje (nl), -ie (nl), -ken (nl), -ke (nl), -che, -kijn (nl)
• Esperanto: -et- (eo)
• Finnish: -nen (fi)
• French: -et (fr) m, -ette (fr) f, -in (fr) m, -ine (fr) f
• Galician: -iño (gl)
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: -chen (de), -lein (de), -i (de), -erl (de)
• Hebrew: ־ון m (-ón), ־ית f (-ít)
• Hungarian: -ka (hu), -ke (hu)
• Interlingua: -etto m or n, -etta f or n
• Irish: -ín m
• Italian: -etto m, -etta f, -ino (it) m, -ina (it) f
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: -ik (ku), -ok (ku)

• Middle Low German: -eken
• Neapolitan: -illo
• Northern Mansi: ^{(please verify)} -кве (-kve)
• Polish: -ek (pl) m, -ka (pl) f, -ko (pl) n
• Portuguese: -inho (pt)
• Romanian: -uț m, -aș (ro) m, -ior m, -el (ro) m, -ușor m, -uleț (ro) m, -uță (ro) f, -iță (ro) f, -ică (ro) f, -ioară f
• Russian: -ик (ru) m (-ik), -ок (ru) m (-ok), -ек (ru) m (-ek), -ёк (ru) m (-jók), -ка (ru) f (-ka), -ко (ru) n (-ko), -це (ru) (-ce), -цо (-co)
• Spanish: -ito (es) m, -ita (es) f, -iño m, -iña f, -ico (es) m, -ica (es) f, -uelo (es) m, -uela (es) f, -illo (es) m, -illa (es) f, -ino (es) m, -ina (es) f, -ucho (es) m, -ucha (es) f, -ete (es) m, -eta (es) f, -uco (es) m, -uca (es) f, -iello m, -illa (es) f, -ullo m, -ulla f, -ejo (es) m, -eja f
• Swedish: -is (sv)
• Turkish: -cık (tr), -cik (tr), -cuk (tr), -cük (tr), -çık (tr), -çik (tr), -çuk (tr), -çük (tr), -cak, -cağız, -ceğiz
• Welsh: -ig m or f, -cyn m, -os m pl or f pl

forming familiar names

• Japanese: ちゃん (ja) (chan)
• Polish: -ś (pl) m

Etymology 3

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂

Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā)der.

Ancient Greek -εύς (-eús)?

Ancient Greek -ιᾰ (-iă)

Ancient Greek -εια (-eia)der.

Latin -ia

Old French -ieder.

Middle English -ie

Middle English -y

English -y

From Middle English -y, -ie, -ee, -e, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French -ie and -é, from Latin -ia, -ium, -tās, Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā), -ειᾰ (-eiă), -ιον (-ion). Cognate (as far as Latin -ia is involved) with German -ei and Dutch -ij.

Suffix

-y

2. Forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state.

   ‎modest + ‎-y → ‎modesty

   ‎honest + ‎-y → ‎honesty

   ‎-nym + ‎-y → ‎-nymy

   as in ‎toponym + ‎-y → ‎toponymy

   ‎-logue + ‎-y → ‎-logy

   as in ‎analogue + ‎-y → ‎analogy

3. Used in the name of some locations which end in -ia in Latin.

   Italy, Germany, Saxony, Hungary, Sicily, Lombardy, Tuscany, Albany, Brittany, Gascony, Burgundy, Picardy, Normandy, Romandy, Savoy, Muscovy, Tartary, Arcady, Thessaly, Troy, Turkey.

Derived terms

• -ery

Translations

Note: translations of English words ending in -y do not necessarily end in the suffixes listed below.

forming abstract nouns

• Armenian: -ություն (-utʻyun)
• Dutch: -heid (nl), -nis (nl)
• Finnish: -uus (fi), -yys (fi)
• French: -é (fr)
• Galician: -dade (gl) f
• Georgian: სი- -ე (si- -e)
• German: -heit (de), -keit (de), -nis (de)
• Hungarian: -ság (hu), -ség (hu)
• Italian: -à
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: -î (ku), -yî (ku), -tî (ku)

• Latin: -ia (la), -ium (la), -tas
• Polish: -ość (pl) f, -stwo (pl) n
• Portuguese: -ia (pt) f, -idade (pt) f
• Romanian: -ie (ro), -ime (ro), -itate (ro), -enie
• Spanish: -ia (es), -tad, -dad (es), -ie, -io (es), -tud, -edumbre
• Swedish: -het (sv), -dom (sv), -skap (sv), -else (sv)
• Ukrainian: -ий m (-yj)

used in the name of some locations ending in -ia in Latin

• French: -ie (fr) f
• Russian: -ия f (-ija)
• Spanish: -ía (es) f, -ia (es) f

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -y

Abby

aberrancy

Abey

abeyancy

abhorrency

ablephary

absolvitory

absorbancy

absorbency

abstinency

abundancy

Accy

acetoclasty

acheiropody

achy

acousticky

acquiry

actiony

actressy

adactyly

addy

Addy

adesmy

adultery

adulty

advertisey

afterglowy

afty

agaty

aggy

aguey

alchy

alcoholly

alcoholy

ale-drapery

Alexy

aley

Alfy

alligatory

allotypy

Ally

Ally Pally

almighty

almondy

alrighty

ambery

ambiamory

amblygnathy

amby

ampery

andy

aneuspory

animalivory

animally

aniseedy

anisey

anoraky

anticky

antiquey

antisepticky

apply

appy

apricotty

apricoty

Aprilly

arcadey

archaicy

archy

argy-bargy

Arny

arrowy

arsey

artery

artichokey

artsy

artsy-craftsy

arty

Arty

asshatty

assholey

assy

atomy

attery

atticky

attitude-y

attitudey

attitudy

auberginey

auditory

augury

Augusty

auscultatory

autocephaly

autochthony

autorefractometry

autumny

awky

awny

azury

babbly

Babby

baccy

backgroundy

back-patty

backstabby

backwoodsy

badassy

baffy

balky

balloony

ballroomy

ballsy

bally

balmy

balsamy

bananery

bandboxy

bangy

banky

bantery

Barbary

barbecuey

barbershoppy

barfy

barky

barny

barnyardy

baroquey

Barry

basebally

bashy

bassy

bastardy

batchy

Batesy

bathroomy

bathtubby

bathwatery

battleshippy

baulky

bawdy

beachy

beaky

beamy

beanstalky

beany

beary

Beatley

beaty

beavery

bedbuggy

beddy

bedrocky

bedroomy

beechy

beefcakey

beepy

beery

beetly

beetrooty

beety

beggary

beigey

belchy

belty

benchy

benny

benty

bergy

Bethy

bevvy

bezzy

biggity

biggy

bigoty

bilgy

biotaxy

birchy

birdy

birsy

bitchy

bitey

bitsy

bitty

bivvy

bivy

blabbery

blabby

blackcurranty

blackmaily

blacky

Blacky

bladdery

blady

blamey

blancmangey

blanky

blasty

blathery

blazy

Afar

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-j/ [-j]

Suffix

-y (clitic)

1. Used to form an interrogative copulative sentence: is it?

   Qafár af macáy? ― What is the Afar language?

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-j/ [-j]

Suffix

-y (clitic)

1. Used to join together noun phrases: and, also
   • Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language]‎^[2], Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 1:

     Fulte Racmattaay, Gunê Racmattale Yallih Migaaqal Qimbisa.

     I begin in the name of God, who gives mercy and surpasses mercy.

Usage notes

• When following a short vowel, -y lengthens that vowel:

  ‎gaalá (“camel”) + ‎-y → ‎gaaláay (“and the camels”)

References

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 282; 292
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[3], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 447

Asturian

Alternative forms

• -ye

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Pronoun

-y

1. him, her, it (third-person singular indirect pronoun)

   Da-y pan

   Give him bread

Usage notes

It is always spelled with the hyphen, unlike other pronouns in the language.

Related terms

• -yos, -ys (third-person plural indirect pronoun)

Czech

Suffix

-y (adverb-forming suffix)

1. -ly: from adjectives forms adverbs

   ‎logický + ‎-y → ‎logicky

Derived terms

Czech terms suffixed with -y

analyticky

botanicky

cynicky

dobrácky

drasticky

francouzsky

fyzicky

kriticky

lexikograficky

matematicky

nekriticky

německy

slovníkářsky

technologicky

ukrajinsky

umělecky

vědecky

Further reading

• -y in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iː/
  • Conventional anglicization: -y

Etymology 1

Suffix

1. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Forms the plural imperative of verbs, particularly weak verbs.
2. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Optionally used to form the subjunctive of weak verbs.

Usage notes

The plural imperative can also appear without this suffix, in a form identical to the singular imperative.

Etymology 2

Suffix

1. Forms agent nouns from verbs.

Etymology 3

Suffix

1. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Optionally marks the masculine imperfective active participle, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -y  

-j

Etymology 4

Suffix

1. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Optionally marks the masculine singular perfective passive participle of strong verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -y  

-w	-w

Etymology 5

Suffix

1. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Optionally marks the perfective passive participle of weak verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
2. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Optionally marks the perfective relative form of weak verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
3. (Late Egyptian) Marks the perfective passive participle of mostly third-weak transitive verbs, following the stem.
4. (Late Egyptian) Occasionally marks the perfective active participle of mostly third-weak transitive verbs, following the stem.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -y  

-yꜣ	-yt
Late Egyptian	Late Egyptian

Etymology 6

Suffix

1. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) Rarely marks the imperfective relative form of all verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -y  

-w	-w

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 328–329, 354.
• Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 66

Finnish

Suffix

-y

1. Front vowel variant of -u.

Declension

Inflection of -y (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		-y	-yt
genitive		-yn	-yjen
partitive		-yä	-yjä
illative		-yyn	-yihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-y	-yt
accusative	nom.	-y	-yt
	gen.	-yn
genitive		-yn	-yjen
partitive		-yä	-yjä
inessive		-yssä	-yissä
elative		-ystä	-yistä
illative		-yyn	-yihin
adessive		-yllä	-yillä
ablative		-yltä	-yiltä
allative		-ylle	-yille
essive		-ynä	-yinä
translative		-yksi	-yiksi
abessive		-yttä	-yittä
instructive		—	-yin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -y (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -yni -yni accusative nom. -yni -yni gen. -yni genitive -yni -yjeni partitive -yäni -yjäni inessive -yssäni -yissäni elative -ystäni -yistäni illative -yyni -yihini adessive -ylläni -yilläni ablative -yltäni -yiltäni allative -ylleni -yilleni essive -ynäni -yinäni translative -ykseni -yikseni abessive -yttäni -yittäni instructive — — comitative — -yineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -ysi -ysi accusative nom. -ysi -ysi gen. -ysi genitive -ysi -yjesi partitive -yäsi -yjäsi inessive -yssäsi -yissäsi elative -ystäsi -yistäsi illative -yysi -yihisi adessive -ylläsi -yilläsi ablative -yltäsi -yiltäsi allative -yllesi -yillesi essive -ynäsi -yinäsi translative -yksesi -yiksesi abessive -yttäsi -yittäsi instructive — — comitative — -yinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -ymme -ymme accusative nom. -ymme -ymme gen. -ymme genitive -ymme -yjemme partitive -yämme -yjämme inessive -yssämme -yissämme elative -ystämme -yistämme illative -yymme -yihimme adessive -yllämme -yillämme ablative -yltämme -yiltämme allative -yllemme -yillemme essive -ynämme -yinämme translative -yksemme -yiksemme abessive -yttämme -yittämme instructive — — comitative — -yinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -ynne -ynne accusative nom. -ynne -ynne gen. -ynne genitive -ynne -yjenne partitive -yänne -yjänne inessive -yssänne -yissänne elative -ystänne -yistänne illative -yynne -yihinne adessive -yllänne -yillänne ablative -yltänne -yiltänne allative -yllenne -yillenne essive -ynänne -yinänne translative -yksenne -yiksenne abessive -yttänne -yittänne instructive — — comitative — -yinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -ynsä -ynsä accusative nom. -ynsä -ynsä gen. -ynsä genitive -ynsä -yjensä partitive -yään -yänsä -yjään -yjänsä inessive -yssään -yssänsä -yissään -yissänsä elative -ystään -ystänsä -yistään -yistänsä illative -yynsä -yihinsä adessive -yllään -yllänsä -yillään -yillänsä ablative -yltään -yltänsä -yiltään -yiltänsä allative -ylleen -yllensä -yilleen -yillensä essive -ynään -ynänsä -yinään -yinänsä translative -ykseen -yksensä -yikseen -yiksensä abessive -yttään -yttänsä -yittään -yittänsä instructive — — comitative — -yineen -yinensä

Inflection of -y (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation)
nominative		-y	-yt
genitive		-yn	-yjen -yiden -yitten
partitive		-yä	-yjä -yitä
illative		-yyn	-yihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-y	-yt
accusative	nom.	-y	-yt
	gen.	-yn
genitive		-yn	-yjen -yiden -yitten
partitive		-yä	-yjä -yitä
inessive		-yssä	-yissä
elative		-ystä	-yistä
illative		-yyn	-yihin
adessive		-yllä	-yillä
ablative		-yltä	-yiltä
allative		-ylle	-yille
essive		-ynä	-yinä
translative		-yksi	-yiksi
abessive		-yttä	-yittä
instructive		—	-yin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -y (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -yni -yni accusative nom. -yni -yni gen. -yni genitive -yni -yjeni -yideni -yitteni partitive -yäni -yjäni -yitäni inessive -yssäni -yissäni elative -ystäni -yistäni illative -yyni -yihini adessive -ylläni -yilläni ablative -yltäni -yiltäni allative -ylleni -yilleni essive -ynäni -yinäni translative -ykseni -yikseni abessive -yttäni -yittäni instructive — — comitative — -yineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -ysi -ysi accusative nom. -ysi -ysi gen. -ysi genitive -ysi -yjesi -yidesi -yittesi partitive -yäsi -yjäsi -yitäsi inessive -yssäsi -yissäsi elative -ystäsi -yistäsi illative -yysi -yihisi adessive -ylläsi -yilläsi ablative -yltäsi -yiltäsi allative -yllesi -yillesi essive -ynäsi -yinäsi translative -yksesi -yiksesi abessive -yttäsi -yittäsi instructive — — comitative — -yinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -ymme -ymme accusative nom. -ymme -ymme gen. -ymme genitive -ymme -yjemme -yidemme -yittemme partitive -yämme -yjämme -yitämme inessive -yssämme -yissämme elative -ystämme -yistämme illative -yymme -yihimme adessive -yllämme -yillämme ablative -yltämme -yiltämme allative -yllemme -yillemme essive -ynämme -yinämme translative -yksemme -yiksemme abessive -yttämme -yittämme instructive — — comitative — -yinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -ynne -ynne accusative nom. -ynne -ynne gen. -ynne genitive -ynne -yjenne -yidenne -yittenne partitive -yänne -yjänne -yitänne inessive -yssänne -yissänne elative -ystänne -yistänne illative -yynne -yihinne adessive -yllänne -yillänne ablative -yltänne -yiltänne allative -yllenne -yillenne essive -ynänne -yinänne translative -yksenne -yiksenne abessive -yttänne -yittänne instructive — — comitative — -yinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -ynsä -ynsä accusative nom. -ynsä -ynsä gen. -ynsä genitive -ynsä -yjensä -yidensä -yittensä partitive -yään -yänsä -yjään -yitään -yjänsä -yitänsä inessive -yssään -yssänsä -yissään -yissänsä elative -ystään -ystänsä -yistään -yistänsä illative -yynsä -yihinsä adessive -yllään -yllänsä -yillään -yillänsä ablative -yltään -yltänsä -yiltään -yiltänsä allative -ylleen -yllensä -yilleen -yillensä essive -ynään -ynänsä -yinään -yinänsä translative -ykseen -yksensä -yikseen -yiksensä abessive -yttään -yttänsä -yittään -yittänsä instructive — — comitative — -yineen -yinensä

Ingrian

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-y/, [-y]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-y/, [-y]

Suffix

-y

1. Front vowel variant of -u

Declension

Declension of -y (type 4/koivu, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-y	-yt
genitive	-yn	-yin, -ylöin
partitive	-yä	-yjä, -ylöjä
illative	-yy	-yi, -ylöihe
inessive	-ys	-yis, -ylöis
elative	-yst	-yist, -ylöist
allative	-ylle	-yille, -ylöille
adessive	-yl	-yil, -ylöil
ablative	-ylt	-yilt, -ylöilt
translative	-yks	-yiks, -ylöiks
essive	-ynnä, -yyn	-yinnä, -ylöinnä, -yin, -ylöin
exessive1)	-ynt	-yint, -ylöint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -u

alku

alu-

asu

etu-

haisu

hooku

hylky

hyppy

häpy

isku

itku

itu

ity

jooksu

jyry

kipu

korsku

kulu

kutsu

kylpy

kynty

käsky

kävely

lasku

laulu

leekku

Liukupäivä

longuttaa

loukku

luku

lypsylehmä

läsy

muru

Mättyisi

nappu

noisu

nussu

paitulain

paukku

paukuttaa

peeru

pesu

pitkulain

poimu

puru

puruli

raiskuu

ratsu

rooku

silmu

soittu

sopu

suiku

suru

synty

syrjy

tantsu

tilkku

tiukku

toittu

toomuin

tuntu

veeru

väry

Lower Sorbian

Suffix

-y

1. Alternative form of -i (used after “hard” consonants).

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English -iġ, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Doublet of -ik.

Alternative forms

• -e, -eg, -ege, -ey, -i, -ich, -iche, -ie, -ig, -ige, -iȝ, -iȝe, -ik, -ike, -ye

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-iː/

Suffix

-y

2. Designates an adjective, in many cases formed by being appended to a noun.

Derived terms

Middle English terms suffixed with -y

angry

asshy

attry

ayry

baby

bisy

blosmy

brawny

brayny

buttry

cleyy

cleyye

cloudy

corny

detty

dewy

drasty

dredy

drovy

dusty

eise

feeldi

fenny

ferny

flawmy

floury

fnesy

fomy

frighti

frosty

fundie

fyry

gery

glasy

glewy

goky

goundy

grasy

gressy

grocerye

happy

hery

hevy

holy

hory

hungry

knotty

lighty

lukky

lusty

marowy

massy

mersshy

mody

myghty

raggy

rewly

reyny

rusty

sappy

shildy

sleighty

slepy

slidery

snowy

sooty

sory

stony

stormy

sunni

symply

synwy

talowy

tery

thorny

tuschy

tusky

tydy

þestri

wawy

welthy

wely

wliti

wordy

worthy

wyny

Descendants

• English: -y, -ie, -ey
• Scots: -ie, -y

References

• “-i,, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 20 June 2018.
• “-i(e, suf.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 20 June 2018.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-y

1. Alternative form of -yf

Etymology 3

Suffix

-y

1. Alternative form of -ie

Northern Ohlone

Alternative forms

• -i (“after consonants”)

Suffix

-y (plural -iṭ)

1. Used to form the imperative mood of verbs

References

• María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎^[4], Unpublished

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ís

Proto-Balto-Slavic *is

Proto-Slavic *jь

Old Polish -y

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъjь, the definite form of hard-stem adjectives. See *jь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /iː/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /i/

Suffix

-y

1. forms adjectives

Derived terms

Old Polish terms suffixed with -y

barańczy

bezprawy

boży

chorąży

czterdziesiąty

człeczy

człowieczy

dwudziesty

pięćdziesiąty

spowiedniczy

Descendants

• Polish: -y

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ís

Proto-Balto-Slavic *is

Proto-Slavic *jь

Old Polish -y

Polish -y

Inherited from Old Polish -y.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɘ/
• Rhymes: -ɘ
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
• Homophones: y, -y-

Suffix

-y

1. forms adjectives

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -y

arcyksiążęcy

awanturniczy

bagrowniczy

baletniczy

bałwochwalczy

bartniczy

bezbożniczy

bezbrewy

bezbrody

bezgłowy

bezlicy

beznosy

bezpióry

bezrzęsy

bezskrzydły

bezuchy

bezwąsy

bezwłosy

bezzęby

białobrody

białobrzuchy

białogrzbiety

białogrzywy

białolicy

białopióry

białorzęsy

białoskórniczy

białoskóry

białoskrzydły

białowąsy

białowłosy

biblioznawczy

biczowniczy

bielaczy

biesiadniczy

bimbrowniczy

bladolicy

bliźniaczy

bliźnięcy

blondwłosy

bluźnierczy

bławy

błoniczy

błonkoskrzydły

bobrzy

bogoburczy

borsuczy

boży

bratobójczy

browarniczy

Brusy

budowniczy

buntowniczy

byczy

bydlęcy

chałupniczy

chlebodawczy

chłopięcy

chomiczy

chorąży

cielęcy

ciemnolicy

ciemnowłosy

czajczy

czarnobrewy

czarnobrody

czarnogrzywy

czarnolicy

czarnołapy

czarnostopy

czarnouchy

czarnuszy

Czechy

czerwononosy

czerwonoskóry

człowieczy

czterdziesty

czworogłowy

czytelniczy

ćmy

dawczy

dąsy

długonosy

długouchy

długowłosy

dostawczy

dresy

druży

dwudziesty

dwugłowy

dwupalcy

dymieniczy

dziczy

dziecięcy

dzieciobójczy

dziewczęcy

dziewiczy

dziewiętnasty

dziwy

filmoznawczy

flisaczy

foczy

garbonosy

gaśniczy

gładkolicy

gończy

gospodarczy

górniczy

gruźliczy

grzybiczy

hemoroidy

hołdowniczy

hutniczy

indyczy

jaczy

jagliczy

jagnięcy

jajogłowy

jałowiczy

jaskółczy

jasnolicy

jasnowłosy

jednogłowy

jędzy

językoznawczy

kaczy

Kartuzy

kawczy

kierowniczy

kleszy

kłapouchy

kmiecy

kobiecy

koczowniczy

kokosy

komarzy

komuszy

konfitury

krasnolicy

krasy

kresy

króliczy

krótkowłosy

kruczy

książęcy

kudły

kurzy

kwoczy

labry

leczniczy

liścionosy

literniczy

lotniczy

ludobójczy

łasiczy

łowczy

łuczniczy

malowniczy

martwiczy

matkobójczy

miedniczy

miedzianobrody

mikry

młodzieńczy

mniszy

monarszy

mówczy

mrówczy

mrówkożerczy

nabywczy

nakładczy

należy

napastniczy

naśladowczy

Niemcy

niemowlęcy

niewolniczy

niezgorszy

obchody

obłąkańczy

obojnaczy

obuwniczy

obyty

odbytniczy

ognistowłosy

ojcobójczy

osiemnasty

ostrouchy

oszczerczy

oszukańczy

owczy

ozimy

pajęczy

papieżniczy

pastuszy

pątniczy

pięćdziesiąty

pięknolicy

piśmienniczy

płomiennolicy

Quechua

Suffix

-y

1. Infinitive marker.

   mikhuy (“to eat”)

2. Nominalizes verbs. The act of doing something. "-ing."

   pampachay (“pardon, remission”)

3. Indicates first-person singular possessive.

   mikhuna (“food”) → mikhunay (“my food”)

4. Conjugative suffix for the second-person imperative mood.

   Uyariway! ("(You) listen to me!")

Scots

Suffix

-y

1. Alternative form of -ie

References

• “-y, suff.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Slovincian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъjь, the definite form of hard-stem adjectives. See *jь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪ/

Suffix

-y

1. forms adjectives

   ‎aptécznjik + ‎-y → ‎aptécznjiczy

Derived terms

Slovincian terms suffixed with -y

aptécznjiczy