ḫrp

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈχaːɾap/ → /ˈχaːɾap/ → /ˈχaːɾəp/ → /ˈχoːɾəp/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχaːɾap/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχaːɾap/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχaːɾəp/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχoːɾəp/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɛrɛp/
  • Conventional anglicization: kherep

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to oversee, to govern, to direct

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫrp (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫrp, geminated stem: ḫrpp

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫrp	ḫrpw, ḫrp	ḫrpt	ḫrp	ḫrp

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫrp	ḥr ḫrp	m ḫrp	r ḫrp

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḫrp.n	ḫrpw, ḫrp	consecutive	ḫrp.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḫrpt
perfective3	ḫrp	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḫrp.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḫrp	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḫrp	ḫrpp	potentialis1	ḫrp.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḫrp	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫrp.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḫrp	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫrp	ḫrp, ḫrpw5, ḫrpy5
imperfective	ḫrp, ḫrpy, ḫrpw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫrp, ḫrpj6, ḫrpy6	ḫrp, ḫrpw5
prospective	ḫrp, ḫrptj7	—	ḫrptj4, ḫrpt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫrp  

ḫrp	ḫrp

Descendants

• Coptic: ϣⲱⲣⲡ (šōrp)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 214.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 39