ἄνθραξ
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
Quite uncertain; Strong's Concordance calls it a "prim[itive] word". Possibly from a Mediterranean substrate; compare Old Armenian անթայր (antʿayr, “spark; anthrax”), անթեղ (antʿeł, “hot coal, ember”).
Others have connected the word to Old Norse sintr, German Sinter (“sinter”), English sinder (“cinder, ashes, slag”), all from *sindrą (“dross, cinder, slag”), and via Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, scale, cinder”) cognate to Old Church Slavonic сядра (sjadra, “lime cinder, gypsum”) (compare Serbo-Croatian sadra, Czech sádra). Kölligan suggests a connection to Sanskrit अन्ध (andha, “blind, darkness, etc.”).
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /án.tʰraks/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈan.tʰraks/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈan.θraks/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈan.θraks/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈan.θraks/
Noun edit
ἄνθραξ • (ánthrax) m (genitive ἄνθρακος); third declension
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ἄνθρᾰξ ho ánthrax |
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε tṑ ánthrake |
οἱ ἄνθρᾰκες hoi ánthrakes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἄνθρᾰκος toû ánthrakos |
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν toîn anthrákoin |
τῶν ἀνθρᾰ́κων tôn anthrákōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἄνθρᾰκῐ tôi ánthraki |
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν toîn anthrákoin |
τοῖς ἄνθρᾰξῐ / ἄνθρᾰξῐν toîs ánthraxi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ἄνθρᾰκᾰ tòn ánthraka |
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε tṑ ánthrake |
τοὺς ἄνθρᾰκᾰς toùs ánthrakas | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἄνθρᾰξ ánthrax |
ἄνθρᾰκε ánthrake |
ἄνθρᾰκες ánthrakes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms edit
- ἀνθρακάριος (anthrakários)
- ἀνθρακεία (anthrakeía)
- ἀνθρακεύς (anthrakeús)
- ἀνθρακεύω (anthrakeúō)
- ἀνθρακηρός (anthrakērós)
- ἀνθρακιά (anthrakiá)
- ἀνθρακίας (anthrakías)
- ἀνθρακίδες (anthrakídes)
- ἀνθρακίζω (anthrakízō)
- ἀνθράκινος (anthrákinos)
- ἀνθράκιον (anthrákion)
- ἀνθρακῖτης (anthrakîtēs)
- ἀνθρακοβότανον (anthrakobótanon)
- ἀνθρακοειδής (anthrakoeidḗs)
- ἀνθρακοθήκη (anthrakothḗkē)
- ἀνθρακοκαύστης (anthrakokaústēs)
- ἀνθρακόομαι (anthrakóomai)
- ἀνθρακοπώλης (anthrakopṓlēs)
- ἀνθρακώδης (anthrakṓdēs)
- ἀνθρακωμα (anthrakōma)
- ἀνθρακών (anthrakṓn)
- ἀνθρακωσις (anthrakōsis)
Descendants edit
- → Czech: anthrax
- → English: anthrax, anthracite, anthracene
- → French: anthrax
- → German: Anthrax
- → Greek: άνθρακας (ánthrakas), άνθραξ (ánthrax)
- → Dutch: antrax
- → Serbo-Croatian: антракс
- → Translingual: Anthrax
- → Old Georgian: ანთრაკი (antraḳi)
Further reading edit
- “ἄνθραξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἄνθραξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἄνθραξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἄνθραξ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- G440 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.