ἄρουρα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• 𐠀𐠦𐠄𐠣𐠂 (a-ro-u-ra-i) — Arcadocypriot

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *ároura, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥h₃-w-rh₂ (“cultivated land”); cognate with Sanskrit उर्वरा (urvárā). The sense ‘arura’ is a semantic loan from Egyptian sṯꜣt (“arura”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /á.ruː.ra/ → /ˈa.ru.ra/ → /ˈa.ru.ra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.ruː.ra/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ru.ra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ru.ra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ru.ra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ru.ra/

Noun

ἄρουρᾰ • (ároura) f (genitive ἀρούρᾱς); first declension

1. cultivated land, a cultivated field
2. ground, earth
3. arura
   • Rosetta Stone :

     ἀπἔλυσεν δέ τά ἱερά καί τῆς λογιζομένης τῆς ἀρτάβης τῇ ἀρούρᾳ τῆς ἱερᾶς γῆς

     apélusen dé tá hierá kaí tês logizoménēs tês artábēs têi aroúrāi tês hierâs gês

     he also released the temples of the ardeb-per-arura tax on sacred land

Declension

First declension of ἡ ἄρουρᾰ; τῆς ἀρούρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ἄρουρᾰ hē ároura	τὼ ἀρούρᾱ tṑ aroúrā	αἱ ἄρουραι hai árourai
Genitive	τῆς ἀρούρᾱς tês aroúrās	τοῖν ἀρούραιν toîn aroúrain	τῶν ἀρουρῶν tôn arourôn
Dative	τῇ ἀρούρᾳ têi aroúrāi	τοῖν ἀρούραιν toîn aroúrain	ταῖς ἀρούραις taîs aroúrais
Accusative	τὴν ἄρουρᾰν tḕn árouran	τὼ ἀρούρᾱ tṑ aroúrā	τᾱ̀ς ἀρούρᾱς tā̀s aroúrās
Vocative	ἄρουρᾰ ároura	ἀρούρᾱ aroúrā	ἄρουραι árourai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ἄρουρᾰ; ἀρούρης (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἄρουρᾰ ároura	ἀρούρᾱ aroúrā	ἄρουραι árourai
Genitive	ἀρούρης aroúrēs	ἀρούραιν / ἀρούραιῐν / ἀρούρῃῐν aroúrai(i)n / aroúrēiin	ἀρουρᾱ́ων / ἀρουρέ͜ων / ἀρουρῶν arourā́ōn / arouré͜ōn / arourôn
Dative	ἀρούρῃ aroúrēi	ἀρούραιν / ἀρούραιῐν / ἀρούρῃῐν aroúrai(i)n / aroúrēiin	ἀρούρῃσῐ / ἀρούρῃσῐν / ἀρούρῃς / ἀρούραις aroúrēisi(n) / aroúrēis / aroúrais
Accusative	ἄρουρᾰν árouran	ἀρούρᾱ aroúrā	ἀρούρᾱς aroúrās
Vocative	ἄρουρᾰ ároura	ἀρούρᾱ aroúrā	ἄρουραι árourai
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Related terms

• ἀρωραῖος (arōraîos) (hyper-Doricism)

Descendants

• → English: arura

Further reading

• “ἄρουρα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἄρουρα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἄρουρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • arable idem, page 38.
  • earth idem, page 259.
  • field idem, page 317.
  • glebe idem, page 361.
  • ground idem, page 375.
  • land idem, page 475.
  • mould idem, page 543.
  • plough land idem, page 621.
  • soil idem, page 791.
  • tillage idem, page 875.
  • tilth idem, page 875.