ἔτος

See also: έτος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ϝέτος (wétos), from Proto-Hellenic *wétos, from Proto-Indo-European *wétos (“year”). Cognates include Latin vetus and Sanskrit वत्स (vatsá). See also Ancient Greek πέρυσι (pérusi).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /é.tos/ → /ˈe.tos/ → /ˈe.tos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.tos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.tos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.tos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.tos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.tos/

Noun

ἔτος • (étos) n (genitive ἔτεος or ἔτους); third declension

1. year

Declension

Third declension of τὸ ἔτος; τοῦ ἔτους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἔτος tò étos	τὼ ἔτει tṑ étei	τᾰ̀ ἔτη tà étē
Genitive	τοῦ ἔτους toû étous	τοῖν ἐτοῖν toîn etoîn	τῶν ἐτῶν tôn etôn
Dative	τῷ ἔτῃ / ἔτει tôi étēi / étei	τοῖν ἐτοῖν toîn etoîn	τοῖς ἔτεσῐ / ἔτεσῐν toîs étesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ἔτος tò étos	τὼ ἔτει tṑ étei	τᾰ̀ ἔτη tà étē
Vocative	ἔτος étos	ἔτει étei	ἔτη étē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Note the irregular singular dative.

Third declension of ἔτος; ἔτεος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἔτος étos	ἔτει / ἔτεε étei / étee	ἔτεᾰ étea
Genitive	ἔτεος / ἔτευς éteos / éteus	ἐτέοιν etéoin	ἐτέων etéōn
Dative	ἔτει / ἔτεῐ̈ étei / éteï	ἐτέοιν etéoin	ἔτεσῐ / ἔτεσῐν étesi(n)
Accusative	ἔτος étos	ἔτει / ἔτεε étei / étee	ἔτεᾰ étea
Vocative	ἔτος étos	ἔτει / ἔτεε étei / étee	ἔτεᾰ étea
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• εὐετηρῐ́ᾱ f (euetēríā)
• τετραετηρίς (tetraetērís)
• τριᾱκονταέτης (triākontaétēs)

 

Related terms

• τῆτες (têtes), σῆτες (sêtes)

Further reading

• “ἔτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἔτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἔτος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἔτος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἔτος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἔτος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2094 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • year idem, page 995.