ἥμερος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Of unclear origin; not related to ἡμέρᾱ (hēmérā, “day”). Some proposed theories:

• Related to Sanskrit यम् (yam, “to restrain, tame, subdue”), and thus from Proto-Indo-European *yem- (“to restrain, seize”).
• Related to Proto-West Germanic *samft(ī) (“soft, gentle”) and Sanskrit सान्त्व (sāntva, “gentleness, consolation”), and thus from Proto-Indo-European *sóm-tu-s, itself a derivative of *sem- (“one, together”).
• Related to Proto-Germanic *jēmaraz (“sad, sorrowful, miserable”), which is generally thought to be of the same origin as यम् (yam) above.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hɛ̌ː.me.ros/ → /ˈi.me.ros/ → /ˈi.me.ros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hɛ̌ː.me.ros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)e̝.me.ros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.me.ros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.me.ros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.me.ros/

Adjective

ἥμερος • (hḗmeros)

1. tame, civilized, cultivated

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• ἀνήμερος (anḗmeros, “uncultivated, rough, wild”)
• ἡμερία (hēmería, “tameness, gentleness, cultivation”)
• ἡμερίδης (hēmerídēs, “regarding an improved vine”)
• ἡμερίς (hēmerís, “improved vine”)
• ἡμερότης (hēmerótēs, “tameness, gentleness, cultivation”)
• ἡμερόφυλλος (hēmeróphullos, “with improved leaves; improved”)
• ἡμερόω (hēmeróō, “to tame, cultivate, improve”)
• ἡμέρωμα (hēmérōma, “cultivated plant”)
• ἡμέρωσις (hēmérōsis, “improvement, cultivation”)
• ἡμερωτής (hēmerōtḗs, “tamer”)

 

Descendants

• Greek: ήμερος (ímeros)

Further reading

• “ἥμερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἥμερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἥμερος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἥμερος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἥμερος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἥμερος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3022 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • civilised idem, page 134.
  • cultivated idem, page 188.
  • domestic idem, page 246.
  • gentle idem, page 357.
  • kind idem, page 469.
  • lenient idem, page 485.
  • mild idem, page 529.
  • tame idem, page 855.
  • tractable idem, page 885.
• “ἥμερος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011