यम्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• যম্ (Assamese script)
• ᬬᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
• যম্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰧𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀬𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ယမ် (Burmese script)
• યમ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਯਮ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌯𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦪꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂨𑂧𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಯಮ್ (Kannada script)
• យម៑ (Khmer script)
• ຍມ຺ (Lao script)
• യമ് (Malayalam script)
• ᠶᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
• 𑘧𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠶ᠋ᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧇𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐫𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଯମ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢫꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆪𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖧𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
• යම් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩻𑩴 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚣𑚢𑚶 (Takri script)
• யம் (Tamil script)
• యమ్ (Telugu script)
• ยมฺ (Thai script)
• ཡ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒨𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨪𑨢𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yam-, from Proto-Indo-European *yem- (“to hold”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐm/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /jɐm/

Root

यम् • (yam)

1. to sustain, hold, hold up, support
2. to raise, wield (a weapon)
3. to raise, extend or hold (as a screen)
4. to extend one's self
5. to stretch out, expand, spread, display, show
6. to hold or keep in, hold back, restrain, check, curb, govern, subdue, control
7. to give anything in exchange for anything
8. to give up one’s self to, be faithful to, obey
9. to utter (a sound)
10. to fix, establish

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root यम्‎ (0 c, 7 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• यच्छति (yaccháti, Present)
• यंस्यति (yaṃsyáti, Future)
• यमिष्यति (yamiṣyáti, Future)
• यंता (yaṃtā́, Periphrastic Future)
• अयंसीत् (áyaṃsīt, Aorist)
• ययाम (yayā́ma, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• यम्यते (yamyáte, Passive)
• अयामि (áyāmi, Passive Aorist)
• यामयति (yāmáyati, Causative)
• यमयति (yamayati, Causative)
• अयीयमत् (áyīyamat, Causative Aorist)
• यियंसति (yiyaṃsati, Desiderative)
• यंयमीति (yaṃyamīti, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• यंतुम् (yaṃtum, Infinitive)
• यंतवे (yaṃtave, Infinitive)
• यमितुम् (yamitum, Infinitive)
• यमितवै (yamitavai, Infinitive)
• यत्वा (yatvā́, Gerund)
• यमित्वा (yamitvā́, Gerund)
• यंतव्य (yaṃtavyá, Gerundive)
• यत (yatá, Past Participle)

Derived Nominal Forms

• यम (yama)
• यत्य (yatya)
• यम्य (yamya)
• यमक (yamaka)
• यमिन् (yamin)
• यमन (yamana)
• यति (yati)
• यंतु (yaṃtu)
• यंतुर् (yaṃtúr)
• यंतृ (yaṃtṛ)
• यंत्र (yaṃtra)
• यमुना (yamúnā)
• यमीयस् (yamīyas)
• यमिष्ठ (yámiṣṭha)
• यमसान (yamasāná)
• याम (yāma)
• यामक (yāmaka)
• यामिन् (yāmin)
• यामन (yāmana)
• यंसेन्य (yaṃsénya)

Prefixed Root Forms

• आयम् (āyam)
• व्यायम् (vyāyam)
• वियम् (viyam)
• नियम् (niyam)
• प्रयम् (prayam)

Descendants

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root यम्‎ (6 c, 0 e)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “यम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 845/2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 130
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 399-400
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 610
• Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 212