Ἶρις

See also: ίρις and ἶρις

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), then from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁i- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). Cognates include English wire, Swedish vira (“to twist”), Latin vieō (“weave together”), Welsh gŵyr (“bent”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /îː.ris/ → /ˈi.ris/ → /ˈi.ris/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /îː.ris/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ris/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ris/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ris/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ris/

Proper noun

Ἶρῐς • (Îris) f (genitive Ῑ̓́ρῐδος); third declension

1. Iris

Inflection

Third declension of ἡ Ἶρῐς; τῆς Ῑ̓́ρῐδος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἡ Ἶρῐς hē Îris
Genitive	τῆς Ῑ̓́ρῐδος tês Ī́ridos
Dative	τῇ Ῑ̓́ρῐδῐ têi Ī́ridi
Accusative	τὴν Ἶρῐν tḕn Îrin
Vocative	Ἶρῐ Îri
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Descendants

• Greek: Ίρις (Íris); Ίριδα (Írida)
• Latin: Īris
• Spanish: arco iris

Further reading

• “Ἶρις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Ἶρις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,014