僵化

Chinese

		rigid; deadlock; stiff (corpse)	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (僵化)		僵	化
simp. #(僵化)		僵	化

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiānghuà

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): goeng¹ faa³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiong-hòa / kiang-hòa

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiānghuà
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jianghuà
    • Wade–Giles: chiang¹-hua⁴
    • Yale: jyāng-hwà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianghuah
    • Palladius: цзянхуа (czjanxua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: goeng¹ faa³
    • Yale: gēung fa
    • Cantonese Pinyin: goeng¹ faa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gêng¹ fa³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœːŋ⁵⁵ faː³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-hòa
    • Tâi-lô: kiong-huà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kionghoax
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³ hua⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiang-hòa
    • Tâi-lô: kiang-huà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kianghoax
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

Verb

僵化

1. to solidify; to become rigid or stiff
2. (figuratively, of opinions, thoughts, etc.) to become fixed, unchangeable or inflexible