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化

化 U+5316, 化
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5316
← 匕
[U+5315]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 北 →
[U+5317]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

化 (radical 21 匕+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人心 (OP), four-corner 24210, composition ⿰亻𠤎(G) or ⿰亻匕(HTJKV))

Derived charactersEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 152, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 342, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 109, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5316

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 化

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 化
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訛 *ŋʷaːl
吪 *ŋʷaːl
鈋 *ŋʷaːl
囮 *lu, *ŋʷaːl
魤 *ŋʷaːl
靴 *hʷa
貨 *hŋʷaːls
花 *hʷraː
化 *hŋʷraːls
杹 *hŋʷraːls
匕 *pilʔ, *hŋʷraːls

Ideogrammic compound (會意) of two 人 (“person”), one upright (亻) and one upside down (𠤎) — reversal; change. Shuowen also considers 𠤎 to be a phonetic component.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • hòa - literary;
  • hòe - vernacular;
  • òa - to cause to ferment.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 化
Mandarin Beijing /xua⁵¹/
Harbin /xua⁵³/
Tianjin /xuɑ⁵³/
Jinan /xua²¹/
Qingdao /xua⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xua³¹²/
Xi'an /xua⁴⁴/
Xining /xua²¹³/
Yinchuan /xua¹³/
Lanzhou /xua¹³/
Ürümqi /xua²¹³/
Wuhan /xua³⁵/
Chengdu /xua¹³/
Guiyang /xua²¹³/
Kunming /xua̠²¹²/
Nanjing /xuɑ⁴⁴/
Hefei /xua⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xua⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xuɑ³⁵/
Hohhot /xua⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ho³⁵/
/hua³⁵/
Suzhou /ho⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /huɑ⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /ho⁴²/
Hui Shexian /xua³²⁴/
Tunxi /xuːə⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /fa⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /xuɒ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /fɑ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /fa⁵³/
Taoyuan /fɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fa³³/
Nanning /fa³³/
Hong Kong /fa³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hua²¹/
/hue²¹/
/ua²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huɑ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xua³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hue²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hua³⁵/
/hue³⁵/
Rime
Character 化
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 呼霸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hˠuaH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hʷᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xuaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwaɨH/
Li
Rong		 /xuaH/
Wang
Li		 /xwaH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xwaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huà
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 化
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huà
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xwæH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʷʰˤ<r>aj-s/
English transform

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 化
Reading # 1/1
No. 5327
Phonetic
component		 化
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 化
Old
Chinese		 /*hŋʷraːls/

DefinitionsEdit

化

  1. to change; to transform
  2. to become; to turn into
  3. † to die
  4. to melt
  5. to dissolve
  6. Suffix denoting "change into ...". Akin to English -ize and -ization.
  7. Short for 教化 (jiàohuà, “enlightenment; cultivation”).
  8. Short for 化學／化学 (huàxué, “chemistry”).

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 化

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

化

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

SuffixEdit

化 (hiragana か, rōmaji -ka)

  1. -ification, action of making something that way

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

化 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune-Reischauer hwa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

To Transform

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReferencesEdit

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