化
Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
化 (radical 21 匕+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人心 (OP), four-corner 24210, composition ⿰亻匕)
Derived charactersEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 152, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2572
- Dae Jaweon: page 342, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 109, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5316
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
化 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 化
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意) of two 人 (“person”), one upright (亻) and one upside down (𠤎) — reversal; change. Shuowen also considers 𠤎 to be a phonetic component.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): faa3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fa
- Min Dong (BUC): huá
- Min Nan (POJ): hòa / hòe / òa
- Wu (Wiktionary): ho (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ
- Wade-Giles: hua4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huah
- IPA (key): /xu̯a̠⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: faa3
- Yale: fa
- Cantonese Pinyin: faa3
- IPA (key): /fɑː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fa
- Hakka Romanization System: fa
- Hagfa Pinyim: fa4
- IPA: /fa⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: huá
- IPA (key): /huɑ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ho (T2)
- IPA (key): /ho³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 化 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xua⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /xua⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /xuɑ⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /xua²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /xua⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /xua³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /xua⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /xua²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /xua¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /xua¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /xua²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /xua³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /xua¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /xua²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /xua̠²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /xuɑ⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /xua⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xua⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /xuɑ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /xua⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ho³⁵/ /hua³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /ho⁵¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /huɑ⁴⁴⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ho⁴²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /xua³²⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /xuːə⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /fa⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /xuɒ⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fɑ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /fa⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /fɑ⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fa³³/ |
| Nanning | /fa³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /fa³³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /hua²¹/ /hue²¹/ /ua²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /huɑ²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xua³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /hue²¹³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /hua³⁵/ /hue³⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 化 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 呼霸切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hˠuaH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hʷᵚaH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xuaH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hwaɨH/ |
| Li Rong |
/xuaH/ |
| Wang Li |
/xwaH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xwaH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hà |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 化 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
huà |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ xwæH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*qʷʰˤ<r>aj-s/ |
| English | transform |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 化 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5327 |
| Phonetic component |
化 |
| Rime group |
歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
化 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hŋʷraːls/ |
DefinitionsEdit
化
- to change; to transform
- to become; to turn into
- † to die
- to melt
- to dissolve
- Suffix denoting "change into ...". Akin to English -ize and -ization.
- Short for 教化 (jiàohuà, “enlightenment; cultivation”).
- Short for 化學／化学 (huàxué, “chemistry”).
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 化
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JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
化
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
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SuffixEdit
- -ification, action of making something that way
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
化 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune-Reischauer hwa)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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