化
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
化 (Kangxi radical 21, 匕+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人心 (OP), four-corner 24210, composition ⿰亻𠤎(GV) or ⿰亻匕(HTJK))
Derived charactersEdit
- 𪜐, 吪, 𪢼, 沎, 杹, 𤆷, 𥄒, 𬖒, 𬟹, 𬍕, 訛(讹), 𧿕, 鈋(𨱂), 靴, 魤, 𩑭, 𩲏, 𠇃, 𠕿, 炛, 花, 𠯒, 貨(货), 囮
- 华 (Simplified from 華)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 152, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2572
- Dae Jaweon: page 342, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 109, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5316
ChineseEdit
trad. | 化 | |
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simp. # | 化 | |
alternative forms | 㐶 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 化 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) of two 人 (“person”), one upright (亻) and one upside down (𠤎) — reversal; change. Shuowen also considers 𠤎 to be a phonetic component.
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
化
- to change; to transform
- to become; to turn into
- † to die
- to melt
- to dissolve
- Suffix denoting "change into ...". Akin to English -ize and -ization.
- 民主化 ― mínzhǔhuà ― democratize
- (chemistry) Affix denoting combination.
- Short for 教化 (jiàohuà, “enlightenment; cultivation”).
- (in compounds) Short for 化學/化学 (huàxué, “chemistry”).
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 化
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 化 – see 花 (“flower; blossom; florid; flowery; etc.”). (This character, 化, is a variant form of 花.) |
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 化 – see 貨 (“currency; goods; commodities; products; etc.”). (This character, 化, is a variant form of 貨.) |
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
化
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: け (ke, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kun: ばける (bakeru, 化ける, Jōyō); ばかす (bakasu, 化かす, Jōyō); かわる (kawaru, 化る); ふける (fukeru, 化ける)
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
- 化ける (bakeru): appear in disguise
- 化け物 (bakemono): goblin, apparition
- 化けもの (bakemono):
- 化かす (bakasu): bewitch, confuse
- 化育 (kaiku): evolution, growth
- 化学 (kagaku): chemistry
- 化合 (kagō): chemical combination
- 化身 (keshin): (Buddhist) incarnation
- 化粧 (keshō): makeup, cosmetics
- 化成 (kasei): change, transformation
- 化生 (kasei): growth, metamorphosis
- 化石 (kaseki): fossil, petrifaction
- 化繊 (kasen): synthetic fiber
- 化膿 (kanō): suppuration, festering
- 悪化 (akka): deterioration, aggravation
- 液化 (ekika): liquefaction
- 塩化 (enka): chloride
- 欧化 (ōka): Europeanization, westernization
- 感化 (kanka): influence, inspiration
- 帰化 (kika): naturalization
- 気化 (kika): vaporization
- 強化 (kyōka): strengthen, intensify
- 教化 (kyōka): culture, education
- 激化 (gekika), 激化 (gekka): intensification, aggravation
- 硬化 (kōka): hardening; sclerosis
- 固化 (koka): solidification
- 権化 (gonge): incarnation, avatar
- 酸化 (sanka): oxidation
- 消化 (shōka): digestion
- 進化 (shinka): evolution, progress
- 浄化 (jōka): purification, cleanup
- 造化 (zōka): the Creator, the Universe
- 電化 (denka): electrification
- 同化 (dōka): assimilation, absorption
- 鈍化 (donka): becoming dull
- 軟化 (nanka): softening, mollification
- 砒化 (hika): arsenication
- 美化 (bika): beautification, glorification
- 文化 (bunka): culture, civilization
- 分化 (bunka): specialization
- 変化 (henka): change, variation
- 変化 (henge): goblin, ghost
- 緑化 (ryokka): tree planting
- 劣化 (rekka): deterioration, degradation
- 老化 (rōka): aging, senile deterioration
- グローバル化 (gurōbaruka): globalization
- コンピュータ化 (konpyūtaka): computerization
- お化け (obake), 御化け (obake): goblin, apparition
- 一元化 (ichigenka): unification, centralization
- 機械化 (kikaika): mechanization, computerization
- 近代化 (kindaika): modernization
- 具体化 (gutaika): embodiment
- 国際化 (kokusaika): internationalization
- 合理化 (gōrika): rationalization
- 深刻化 (shinkokuka): becoming more serious
- 自由化 (jiyūka): liberalization
- 正常化 (seijōka): normalization
- 多様化 (tayōka): diversification
- 本格化 (honkakuka): regularization
- 民営化 (min'eika): privatization
- 明文化 (meibunka): stipulate
- 自動化 (jidōka): automation
- 誤魔化す (gomakasu): deceive, falsify
- 情報化 (jōhōka): informatization
- 硫化 (ryūka): sulfuration
EtymologyEdit
Kanji in this term |
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化 |
か Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 化 (MC hˠuaH).
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
SuffixEdit
- -ization, -ification; action of making something that way
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 化 (MC hˠuaH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 황〮 (Yale: hwá) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 도욀 (Yale: twòwòyl) | 화〯 (Yale: hwǎ) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸwa̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [화(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Hán tự in this term |
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化 |
Han characterEdit
化: Hán Việt readings: hóa/hoá[1][2][3], góa/goá[1]
化: Nôm readings: Huế[1]