까맣다
Korean edit
Etymology edit
Tense form of now uncommon 가맣다 (gamata), from Middle Korean 가마ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: kama-hota), equivalent to 가마 (Yale: kama, an inflected form of 감다 (kamta, “to be black”)) + ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: hota, light verb whence modern 하다 (hada)).[1]
This ᄒᆞ다 (hota) construction, which is now ungrammatical in these contexts, was used widely in Middle Korean to derive emphatic color terms; see #Related terms below.[1]
Pronunciation edit
| Yin-form | 꺼멓다 (kkeomeota) |
|---|---|
| Yang-form | 까맣다 (kkamata) |
| Plain | 가맣다 (gamata) |
|---|---|
| Intensive | 까맣다 (kkamata) |
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈk͈a̠(ː)ma̠tʰa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [까(ː)마타]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkamata |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkamahda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkamat'a |
| Yale Romanization? | kkāmahta |
Adjective edit
까맣다 • (kkamata) (irregular, infinitive 까매, sequential 까마니)
- to be pitch black
Conjugation edit
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 까맣다 kkamata |
까매 kkamae |
까매요 kkamaeyo |
까맣습니다 kkamaseumnida |
| Past | 까맸다 kkamaetda |
까맸어 kkamaesseo |
까맸어요 kkamaesseoyo |
까맸습니다 kkamaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 까마냐 kkamanya |
까매 kkamae |
까매요 kkamaeyo |
까맣습니까 kkamaseumnikka |
| Past | 까맸냐 kkamaennya |
까맸어 kkamaesseo |
까맸어요 kkamaesseoyo |
까맸습니까 kkamaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 까맣겠다 kkamaketda |
까맣겠어 kkamakesseo |
까맣겠어요 kkamakesseoyo |
까맣겠습니다 kkamaketseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 까매 kkamae |
까매서 kkamaeseo |
까마니 kkamani |
까마니까 kkamanikka | |
| Contrast | 까맣지만 kkamachiman |
까만데 kkamande |
까맣더니 kkamateoni |
||
| Conjunction | 까맣고 kkamako |
||||
| Condition | 까마면 kkamamyeon |
까매야 kkamaeya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 까맘 kkamam |
까맣기 kkamaki | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 까맸음 kkamaesseum |
까맸기 kkamaetgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 까만 kkaman | |||
| Future | 까말 kkamal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 까마시다 kkamasida |
까마셔 kkamasyeo |
까마세요, 까마셔요 kkamaseyo, kkamasyeoyo |
까마십니다 kkamasimnida |
| Past | 까마셨다 kkamasyeotda |
까마셨어 kkamasyeosseo |
까마셨어요 kkamasyeosseoyo |
까마셨습니다 kkamasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 까마시냐 kkamasinya |
까마셔 kkamasyeo |
까마세요, 까마셔요 kkamaseyo, kkamasyeoyo |
까마십니까 kkamasimnikka |
| Past | 까마셨냐 kkamasyeonnya |
까마셨어 kkamasyeosseo |
까마셨어요 kkamasyeosseoyo |
까마셨습니까 kkamasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 까마시겠다 kkamasigetda |
까마시겠어 kkamasigesseo |
까마시겠어요 kkamasigesseoyo |
까마시겠습니다 kkamasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 까마셔 kkamasyeo |
까마셔서 kkamasyeoseo |
까마시니 kkamasini |
까마시니까 kkamasinikka | |
| Contrast | 까마시지만 kkamasijiman |
까마신데 kkamasinde |
까마시더니 kkamasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 까마시고 kkamasigo |
||||
| Condition | 까마시면 kkamasimyeon |
까마셔야 kkamasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 까마심 kkamasim |
까마시기 kkamasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 까마셨음 kkamasyeosseum |
까마셨기 kkamasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 까마신 kkamasin | |||
| Future | 까마실 kkamasil | ||||