뒤집다
Korean
editEtymology
editFirst attested in the Eulbyeong yeonhaengnok (乙丙燕行錄/ 을병연행록), 1766, as Early Modern Korean 뒤딥다 (Yale: twuy-tipta). Also attested in the Eulbyeong yeonhaengnok (乙丙燕行錄/ 을병연행록), 1766, as Early Modern Korean 뒤집다 (Yale: twuy-cipta).
The first element is from Middle Korean 드위다 (Yale: tuwuyta) "to flip", but the second element is not clear. Yi Hyeon-jeong notes that 집다 (jipda, “to grab”) or 잡다 (japda, “to catch”) are both a passable semantic match, but that neither form is compatible with -딥다. As the palatalization of /ti/ to /t͡ɕi/ was ongoing in 1766 and both forms are attested in the same text, Yi speculates that 뒤딥다 is a result of hypercorrection by the writer.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɥid͡ʑip̚t͈a̠] ~ [tyd͡ʑip̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [뒤집따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | dwijipda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | dwijibda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | twijipta |
| Yale Romanization? | twicipta |
Verb
edit뒤집다 • (dwijipda) (infinitive 뒤집어, sequential 뒤집으니)
- (transitive) to invert, to flip (an object, such as a pancake on a hot skillet)
- (transitive) to turn upside down, to capsize (a floating vessel, from rowboats to ships, of any size)
- (transitive) to reverse, to turn inside-out
- 옷을 뒤집어 입었다. ― Oseul dwijibeo ibeotda. ― I wore my clothes turned inside-out.
Conjugation
edit Selected forms of the verb 뒤집다 (dwijipda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 뒤집는다 dwijimneunda |
뒤집어 dwijibeo |
뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo |
뒤집습니다 dwijipseumnida |
| Past | 뒤집었다 dwijibeotda |
뒤집었어 dwijibeosseo |
뒤집었어요 dwijibeosseoyo |
뒤집었습니다 dwijibeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 뒤집느냐 dwijimneunya |
뒤집어 dwijibeo |
뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo |
뒤집습니까 dwijipseumnikka |
| Past | 뒤집었느냐 dwijibeonneunya |
뒤집었어 dwijibeosseo |
뒤집었어요 dwijibeosseoyo |
뒤집었습니까 dwijibeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 뒤집자 dwijipja |
뒤집어 dwijibeo |
뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo |
뒤집으십시다 dwijibeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 뒤집어라 dwijibeora |
뒤집어 dwijibeo |
뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo |
뒤집읍시오 dwijibeupsio | |
| Assertive | 뒤집겠다 dwijipgetda |
뒤집겠어 dwijipgesseo |
뒤집겠어요 dwijipgesseoyo |
뒤집겠습니다 dwijipgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 뒤집어 dwijibeo |
뒤집어서 dwijibeoseo |
뒤집으니 dwijibeuni |
뒤집으니까 dwijibeunikka | |
| Contrast | 뒤집지만 dwijipjiman |
뒤집는데 dwijimneunde |
뒤집더니 dwijipdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 뒤집고 dwijipgo |
||||
| Condition | 뒤집으면 dwijibeumyeon |
뒤집어야 dwijibeoya |
|||
| Motive | 뒤집으려고 dwijibeuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 뒤집음 dwijibeum |
뒤집기 dwijipgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 뒤집었음 dwijibeosseum |
뒤집었기 dwijibeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 뒤집은 dwijibeun | |||
| Present | 뒤집는 dwijimneun | ||||
| Future | 뒤집을 dwijibeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 뒤집으신다 dwijibeusinda |
뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo |
뒤집으세요, 뒤집으셔요 dwijibeuseyo, dwijibeusyeoyo |
뒤집으십니다 dwijibeusimnida |
| Past | 뒤집으셨다 dwijibeusyeotda |
뒤집으셨어 dwijibeusyeosseo |
뒤집으셨어요 dwijibeusyeosseoyo |
뒤집으셨습니다 dwijibeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 뒤집으시느냐 dwijibeusineunya |
뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo |
뒤집으세요, 뒤집으셔요 dwijibeuseyo, dwijibeusyeoyo |
뒤집으십니까 dwijibeusimnikka |
| Past | 뒤집으셨느냐 dwijibeusyeonneunya |
뒤집으셨어 dwijibeusyeosseo |
뒤집으셨어요 dwijibeusyeosseoyo |
뒤집으셨습니까 dwijibeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 뒤집으시라 dwijibeusira |
뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo |
뒤집으세요 dwijibeuseyo |
뒤집으십시오 dwijibeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 뒤집으시겠다 dwijibeusigetda |
뒤집으시겠어 dwijibeusigesseo |
뒤집으시겠어요 dwijibeusigesseoyo |
뒤집으시겠습니다 dwijibeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo |
뒤집으셔서 dwijibeusyeoseo |
뒤집으시니 dwijibeusini |
뒤집으시니까 dwijibeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 뒤집으시지만 dwijibeusijiman |
뒤집으시는데 dwijibeusineunde |
뒤집으시더니 dwijibeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 뒤집으시고 dwijibeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 뒤집으시면 dwijibeusimyeon |
뒤집으셔야 dwijibeusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 뒤집으시려고 dwijibeusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 뒤집으심 dwijibeusim |
뒤집으시기 dwijibeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 뒤집으셨음 dwijibeusyeosseum |
뒤집으셨기 dwijibeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 뒤집으신 dwijibeusin | |||
| Present | 뒤집으시는 dwijibeusineun | ||||
| Future | 뒤집으실 dwijibeusil | ||||
Derived terms
edit- 뒤집어엎다 (dwijibeo'eopda, “to turn upside-down”)
- 뒤집히다 (dwijiphida, “to invert, flip, capsize, reverse passive”)
References
edit- 이현정 [ihyeonjeong] (2011) “'드위'의 통시적 발달에 대하여 [deuwi ui tongsijeok baldare daehayeo, On the diachronic development of tuwuy-]”, in Hyeongtaeron, volume 13, number 2, pages 291–310
- Martin, Samuel E., Yang Ha Lee, Sung-Un Chang (1975) A Korean-English Dictionary, New Haven: Yale University Press, page 516.