등락하다

Korean

Etymology

등락(騰落) (deungnak, “rise and fall, fluctuations”) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tɯŋna̠kʰa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [등나카다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	deungnakhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	deunglaghada
McCune–Reischauer?	tŭngnakhada
Yale Romanization?	tunglak.hata

Verb

등락하다 • (deungnakhada) (infinitive 등락해 or 등락하여, sequential 등락하니)

1. to rise and fall, to fluctuate

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 등락하다 (deungnakhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	등락한다 deungnakhanda	등락해 deungnakhae	등락해요 deungnakhaeyo	등락합니다 deungnakhamnida
	Past	등락했다 deungnakhaetda	등락했어 deungnakhaesseo	등락했어요 deungnakhaesseoyo	등락했습니다 deungnakhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	등락하느냐 deungnakhaneunya	등락해 deungnakhae	등락해요 deungnakhaeyo	등락합니까 deungnakhamnikka
	Past	등락했느냐 deungnakhaenneunya	등락했어 deungnakhaesseo	등락했어요 deungnakhaesseoyo	등락했습니까 deungnakhaetseumnikka
Hortative		등락하자 deungnakhaja	등락해 deungnakhae	등락해요 deungnakhaeyo	등락하십시다 deungnakhasipsida
Imperative		등락해라, 등락하여라 deungnakhaera, deungnakhayeora	등락해 deungnakhae	등락해요 deungnakhaeyo	등락합시오 deungnakhapsio
Assertive		등락하겠다 deungnakhagetda	등락하겠어 deungnakhagesseo	등락하겠어요 deungnakhagesseoyo	등락하겠습니다 deungnakhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		등락해 deungnakhae	등락해서, 등락하여서 deungnakhaeseo, deungnakhayeoseo	등락하니 deungnakhani	등락하니까 deungnakhanikka
Contrast		등락하지만 deungnakhajiman	등락하는데 deungnakhaneunde	등락하더니 deungnakhadeoni
Conjunction		등락하고 deungnakhago
Condition		등락하면 deungnakhamyeon	등락해야, 등락하여야 deungnakhaeya, deungnakhayeoya
Motive		등락하려고 deungnakharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		등락함 deungnakham	등락하기 deungnakhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		등락했음, 등락하였음 deungnakhaesseum, deungnakhayeosseum	등락했기, 등락하였기 deungnakhaetgi, deungnakhayeotgi
Determiners	Past	등락한 deungnakhan
	Present	등락하는 deungnakhaneun
	Future	등락할 deungnakhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	등락하신다 deungnakhasinda	등락하셔 deungnakhasyeo	등락하세요, 등락하셔요 deungnakhaseyo, deungnakhasyeoyo	등락하십니다 deungnakhasimnida
	Past	등락하셨다 deungnakhasyeotda	등락하셨어 deungnakhasyeosseo	등락하셨어요 deungnakhasyeosseoyo	등락하셨습니다 deungnakhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	등락하시느냐 deungnakhasineunya	등락하셔 deungnakhasyeo	등락하세요, 등락하셔요 deungnakhaseyo, deungnakhasyeoyo	등락하십니까 deungnakhasimnikka
	Past	등락하셨느냐 deungnakhasyeonneunya	등락하셨어 deungnakhasyeosseo	등락하셨어요 deungnakhasyeosseoyo	등락하셨습니까 deungnakhasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		등락하시라 deungnakhasira	등락하셔 deungnakhasyeo	등락하세요 deungnakhaseyo	등락하십시오 deungnakhasipsio
Assertive		등락하시겠다 deungnakhasigetda	등락하시겠어 deungnakhasigesseo	등락하시겠어요 deungnakhasigesseoyo	등락하시겠습니다 deungnakhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		등락하셔 deungnakhasyeo	등락하셔서 deungnakhasyeoseo	등락하시니 deungnakhasini	등락하시니까 deungnakhasinikka
Contrast		등락하시지만 deungnakhasijiman	등락하시는데 deungnakhasineunde	등락하시더니 deungnakhasideoni
Conjunction		등락하시고 deungnakhasigo
Condition		등락하시면 deungnakhasimyeon	등락하셔야 deungnakhasyeoya
Motive		등락하시려고 deungnakhasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		등락하심 deungnakhasim	등락하시기 deungnakhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		등락하셨음 deungnakhasyeosseum	등락하셨기 deungnakhasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	등락하신 deungnakhasin
	Present	등락하시는 deungnakhasineun
	Future	등락하실 deungnakhasil