북돋우다

Korean

Alternative forms

• (abbreviation) 북돋다 (bukdotda)

Etymology

First attested in the Jeongsok eonhae (正俗諺解 / 정속언해 (of 李源周敎授本 / 이원주 교수본)), 1518, as Middle Korean 붓도도다 (Yale: pwus.twotwota). Equivalent to 북 (buk, “soil that covers roots”) + 돋우다 (doduda, “to raise”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [puk̚t͈o̞duda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [북또두다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	bukdoduda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	bugdod'uda
McCune–Reischauer?	puktoduda
Yale Romanization?	puktot.wuta

Verb

북돋우다 • (bukdoduda) (infinitive 북돋워, sequential 북돋우니)

1. (transitive) to earth up (plant)
2. (transitive, figurative) to encourage, to excite, to cheer up

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 북돋우다 (bukdoduda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	북돋운다 bukdodunda	북돋워 bukdodwo	북돋워요 bukdodwoyo	북돋웁니다 bukdodumnida
	Past	북돋웠다 bukdodwotda	북돋웠어 bukdodwosseo	북돋웠어요 bukdodwosseoyo	북돋웠습니다 bukdodwotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	북돋우느냐 bukdoduneunya	북돋워 bukdodwo	북돋워요 bukdodwoyo	북돋웁니까 bukdodumnikka
	Past	북돋웠느냐 bukdodwonneunya	북돋웠어 bukdodwosseo	북돋웠어요 bukdodwosseoyo	북돋웠습니까 bukdodwotseumnikka
Hortative		북돋우자 bukdoduja	북돋워 bukdodwo	북돋워요 bukdodwoyo	북돋우십시다 bukdodusipsida
Imperative		북돋워라 bukdodwora	북돋워 bukdodwo	북돋워요 bukdodwoyo	북돋웁시오 bukdodupsio
Assertive		북돋우겠다 bukdodugetda	북돋우겠어 bukdodugesseo	북돋우겠어요 bukdodugesseoyo	북돋우겠습니다 bukdodugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		북돋워 bukdodwo	북돋워서 bukdodwoseo	북돋우니 bukdoduni	북돋우니까 bukdodunikka
Contrast		북돋우지만 bukdodujiman	북돋우는데 bukdoduneunde	북돋우더니 bukdodudeoni
Conjunction		북돋우고 bukdodugo
Condition		북돋우면 bukdodumyeon	북돋워야 bukdodwoya
Motive		북돋우려고 bukdoduryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		북돋움 bukdodum	북돋우기 bukdodugi
Past-tense verbal nouns		북돋웠음 bukdodwosseum	북돋웠기 bukdodwotgi
Determiners	Past	북돋운 bukdodun
	Present	북돋우는 bukdoduneun
	Future	북돋울 bukdodul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	북돋우신다 bukdodusinda	북돋우셔 bukdodusyeo	북돋우세요, 북돋우셔요 bukdoduseyo, bukdodusyeoyo	북돋우십니다 bukdodusimnida
	Past	북돋우셨다 bukdodusyeotda	북돋우셨어 bukdodusyeosseo	북돋우셨어요 bukdodusyeosseoyo	북돋우셨습니다 bukdodusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	북돋우시느냐 bukdodusineunya	북돋우셔 bukdodusyeo	북돋우세요, 북돋우셔요 bukdoduseyo, bukdodusyeoyo	북돋우십니까 bukdodusimnikka
	Past	북돋우셨느냐 bukdodusyeonneunya	북돋우셨어 bukdodusyeosseo	북돋우셨어요 bukdodusyeosseoyo	북돋우셨습니까 bukdodusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		북돋우시라 bukdodusira	북돋우셔 bukdodusyeo	북돋우세요 bukdoduseyo	북돋우십시오 bukdodusipsio
Assertive		북돋우시겠다 bukdodusigetda	북돋우시겠어 bukdodusigesseo	북돋우시겠어요 bukdodusigesseoyo	북돋우시겠습니다 bukdodusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		북돋우셔 bukdodusyeo	북돋우셔서 bukdodusyeoseo	북돋우시니 bukdodusini	북돋우시니까 bukdodusinikka
Contrast		북돋우시지만 bukdodusijiman	북돋우시는데 bukdodusineunde	북돋우시더니 bukdodusideoni
Conjunction		북돋우시고 bukdodusigo
Condition		북돋우시면 bukdodusimyeon	북돋우셔야 bukdodusyeoya
Motive		북돋우시려고 bukdodusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		북돋우심 bukdodusim	북돋우시기 bukdodusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		북돋우셨음 bukdodusyeosseum	북돋우셨기 bukdodusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	북돋우신 bukdodusin
	Present	북돋우시는 bukdodusineun
	Future	북돋우실 bukdodusil