숨가쁘다
Korean edit
Etymology edit
Univerbation of 숨 (sum, “breath”) + 가쁘다 (gappeuda, “to be short of breath”).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈsʰu(ː)mɡa̠p͈ɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [숨(ː)가쁘다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | sumgappeuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | sumga'ppeuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | sumgappŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | swūmka.pputa |
Verb edit
숨가쁘다 • (sumgappeuda) (infinitive 숨가빠, sequential 숨가쁘니)
- to be out of breath
Conjugation edit
Selected forms of the verb 숨가쁘다 (sumgappeuda): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 숨가쁜다 sumgappeunda |
숨가빠 sumgappa |
숨가빠요 sumgappayo |
숨가쁩니다 sumgappeumnida |
| Past | 숨가빴다 sumgappatda |
숨가빴어 sumgappasseo |
숨가빴어요 sumgappasseoyo |
숨가빴습니다 sumgappatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 숨가쁘느냐 sumgappeuneunya |
숨가빠 sumgappa |
숨가빠요 sumgappayo |
숨가쁩니까 sumgappeumnikka |
| Past | 숨가빴느냐 sumgappanneunya |
숨가빴어 sumgappasseo |
숨가빴어요 sumgappasseoyo |
숨가빴습니까 sumgappatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 숨가쁘자 sumgappeuja |
숨가빠 sumgappa |
숨가빠요 sumgappayo |
숨가쁘십시다 sumgappeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 숨가빠라 sumgappara |
숨가빠 sumgappa |
숨가빠요 sumgappayo |
숨가쁩시오 sumgappeupsio | |
| Assertive | 숨가쁘겠다 sumgappeugetda |
숨가쁘겠어 sumgappeugesseo |
숨가쁘겠어요 sumgappeugesseoyo |
숨가쁘겠습니다 sumgappeugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 숨가빠 sumgappa |
숨가빠서 sumgappaseo |
숨가쁘니 sumgappeuni |
숨가쁘니까 sumgappeunikka | |
| Contrast | 숨가쁘지만 sumgappeujiman |
숨가쁘는데 sumgappeuneunde |
숨가쁘더니 sumgappeudeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 숨가쁘고 sumgappeugo |
||||
| Condition | 숨가쁘면 sumgappeumyeon |
숨가빠야 sumgappaya |
|||
| Motive | 숨가쁘려고 sumgappeuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 숨가쁨 sumgappeum |
숨가쁘기 sumgappeugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 숨가빴음 sumgappasseum |
숨가빴기 sumgappatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 숨가쁜 sumgappeun | |||
| Present | 숨가쁘는 sumgappeuneun | ||||
| Future | 숨가쁠 sumgappeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 숨가쁘신다 sumgappeusinda |
숨가쁘셔 sumgappeusyeo |
숨가쁘세요, 숨가쁘셔요 sumgappeuseyo, sumgappeusyeoyo |
숨가쁘십니다 sumgappeusimnida |
| Past | 숨가쁘셨다 sumgappeusyeotda |
숨가쁘셨어 sumgappeusyeosseo |
숨가쁘셨어요 sumgappeusyeosseoyo |
숨가쁘셨습니다 sumgappeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 숨가쁘시느냐 sumgappeusineunya |
숨가쁘셔 sumgappeusyeo |
숨가쁘세요, 숨가쁘셔요 sumgappeuseyo, sumgappeusyeoyo |
숨가쁘십니까 sumgappeusimnikka |
| Past | 숨가쁘셨느냐 sumgappeusyeonneunya |
숨가쁘셨어 sumgappeusyeosseo |
숨가쁘셨어요 sumgappeusyeosseoyo |
숨가쁘셨습니까 sumgappeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 숨가쁘시라 sumgappeusira |
숨가쁘셔 sumgappeusyeo |
숨가쁘세요 sumgappeuseyo |
숨가쁘십시오 sumgappeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 숨가쁘시겠다 sumgappeusigetda |
숨가쁘시겠어 sumgappeusigesseo |
숨가쁘시겠어요 sumgappeusigesseoyo |
숨가쁘시겠습니다 sumgappeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 숨가쁘셔 sumgappeusyeo |
숨가쁘셔서 sumgappeusyeoseo |
숨가쁘시니 sumgappeusini |
숨가쁘시니까 sumgappeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 숨가쁘시지만 sumgappeusijiman |
숨가쁘시는데 sumgappeusineunde |
숨가쁘시더니 sumgappeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 숨가쁘시고 sumgappeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 숨가쁘시면 sumgappeusimyeon |
숨가쁘셔야 sumgappeusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 숨가쁘시려고 sumgappeusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 숨가쁘심 sumgappeusim |
숨가쁘시기 sumgappeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 숨가쁘셨음 sumgappeusyeosseum |
숨가쁘셨기 sumgappeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 숨가쁘신 sumgappeusin | |||
| Present | 숨가쁘시는 sumgappeusineun | ||||
| Future | 숨가쁘실 sumgappeusil | ||||