응징하다

Korean

Etymology

응징(膺懲) (eungjing) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈɯ(ː)ŋd͡ʑiŋɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [응(ː)징하다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	eungjinghada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	eungjinghada
McCune–Reischauer?	ŭngjinghada
Yale Romanization?	ūngcinghata

Verb

응징하다 • (eungjinghada) (infinitive 응징해 or 응징하여, sequential 응징하니)

1. (transitive) to punish

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 응징하다 (eungjinghada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	응징한다 eungjinghanda	응징해 eungjinghae	응징해요 eungjinghaeyo	응징합니다 eungjinghamnida
	Past	응징했다 eungjinghaetda	응징했어 eungjinghaesseo	응징했어요 eungjinghaesseoyo	응징했습니다 eungjinghaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	응징하느냐 eungjinghaneunya	응징해 eungjinghae	응징해요 eungjinghaeyo	응징합니까 eungjinghamnikka
	Past	응징했느냐 eungjinghaenneunya	응징했어 eungjinghaesseo	응징했어요 eungjinghaesseoyo	응징했습니까 eungjinghaetseumnikka
Hortative		응징하자 eungjinghaja	응징해 eungjinghae	응징해요 eungjinghaeyo	응징하십시다 eungjinghasipsida
Imperative		응징해라, 응징하여라 eungjinghaera, eungjinghayeora	응징해 eungjinghae	응징해요 eungjinghaeyo	응징합시오 eungjinghapsio
Assertive		응징하겠다 eungjinghagetda	응징하겠어 eungjinghagesseo	응징하겠어요 eungjinghagesseoyo	응징하겠습니다 eungjinghagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		응징해 eungjinghae	응징해서, 응징하여서 eungjinghaeseo, eungjinghayeoseo	응징하니 eungjinghani	응징하니까 eungjinghanikka
Contrast		응징하지만 eungjinghajiman	응징하는데 eungjinghaneunde	응징하더니 eungjinghadeoni
Conjunction		응징하고 eungjinghago
Condition		응징하면 eungjinghamyeon	응징해야, 응징하여야 eungjinghaeya, eungjinghayeoya
Motive		응징하려고 eungjingharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		응징함 eungjingham	응징하기 eungjinghagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		응징했음, 응징하였음 eungjinghaesseum, eungjinghayeosseum	응징했기, 응징하였기 eungjinghaetgi, eungjinghayeotgi
Determiners	Past	응징한 eungjinghan
	Present	응징하는 eungjinghaneun
	Future	응징할 eungjinghal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	응징하신다 eungjinghasinda	응징하셔 eungjinghasyeo	응징하세요, 응징하셔요 eungjinghaseyo, eungjinghasyeoyo	응징하십니다 eungjinghasimnida
	Past	응징하셨다 eungjinghasyeotda	응징하셨어 eungjinghasyeosseo	응징하셨어요 eungjinghasyeosseoyo	응징하셨습니다 eungjinghasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	응징하시느냐 eungjinghasineunya	응징하셔 eungjinghasyeo	응징하세요, 응징하셔요 eungjinghaseyo, eungjinghasyeoyo	응징하십니까 eungjinghasimnikka
	Past	응징하셨느냐 eungjinghasyeonneunya	응징하셨어 eungjinghasyeosseo	응징하셨어요 eungjinghasyeosseoyo	응징하셨습니까 eungjinghasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		응징하시라 eungjinghasira	응징하셔 eungjinghasyeo	응징하세요 eungjinghaseyo	응징하십시오 eungjinghasipsio
Assertive		응징하시겠다 eungjinghasigetda	응징하시겠어 eungjinghasigesseo	응징하시겠어요 eungjinghasigesseoyo	응징하시겠습니다 eungjinghasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		응징하셔 eungjinghasyeo	응징하셔서 eungjinghasyeoseo	응징하시니 eungjinghasini	응징하시니까 eungjinghasinikka
Contrast		응징하시지만 eungjinghasijiman	응징하시는데 eungjinghasineunde	응징하시더니 eungjinghasideoni
Conjunction		응징하시고 eungjinghasigo
Condition		응징하시면 eungjinghasimyeon	응징하셔야 eungjinghasyeoya
Motive		응징하시려고 eungjinghasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		응징하심 eungjinghasim	응징하시기 eungjinghasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		응징하셨음 eungjinghasyeosseum	응징하셨기 eungjinghasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	응징하신 eungjinghasin
	Present	응징하시는 eungjinghasineun
	Future	응징하실 eungjinghasil