자상하다

Korean

Etymology 1

자상(仔詳) (jasang) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠sʰa̠ŋɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [자상하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	jasanghada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	jasanghada
McCune–Reischauer?	chasanghada
Yale Romanization?	casanghata

Adjective

자상하다 • (jasanghada) (infinitive 자상해 or 자상하여, sequential 자상하니, hanja 仔詳하다)

1. (of a person) to have a heart, to be considerate, to be thoughtful
2. (of a person) to be attentive, to be meticulous

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 자상하다 (jasanghada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	자상하다 jasanghada	자상해 jasanghae	자상해요 jasanghaeyo	자상합니다 jasanghamnida
	Past	자상했다 jasanghaetda	자상했어 jasanghaesseo	자상했어요 jasanghaesseoyo	자상했습니다 jasanghaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	자상하냐 jasanghanya	자상해 jasanghae	자상해요 jasanghaeyo	자상합니까 jasanghamnikka
	Past	자상했냐 jasanghaennya	자상했어 jasanghaesseo	자상했어요 jasanghaesseoyo	자상했습니까 jasanghaetseumnikka
Assertive		자상하겠다 jasanghagetda	자상하겠어 jasanghagesseo	자상하겠어요 jasanghagesseoyo	자상하겠습니다 jasanghagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		자상해 jasanghae	자상해서, 자상하여서 jasanghaeseo, jasanghayeoseo	자상하니 jasanghani	자상하니까 jasanghanikka
Contrast		자상하지만 jasanghajiman	자상한데 jasanghande	자상하더니 jasanghadeoni
Conjunction		자상하고 jasanghago
Condition		자상하면 jasanghamyeon	자상해야, 자상하여야 jasanghaeya, jasanghayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		자상함 jasangham	자상하기 jasanghagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		자상했음, 자상하였음 jasanghaesseum, jasanghayeosseum	자상했기, 자상하였기 jasanghaetgi, jasanghayeotgi
Determiners	Present		자상한 jasanghan
	Future		자상할 jasanghal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	자상하시다 jasanghasida	자상하셔 jasanghasyeo	자상하세요, 자상하셔요 jasanghaseyo, jasanghasyeoyo	자상하십니다 jasanghasimnida
	Past	자상하셨다 jasanghasyeotda	자상하셨어 jasanghasyeosseo	자상하셨어요 jasanghasyeosseoyo	자상하셨습니다 jasanghasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	자상하시냐 jasanghasinya	자상하셔 jasanghasyeo	자상하세요, 자상하셔요 jasanghaseyo, jasanghasyeoyo	자상하십니까 jasanghasimnikka
	Past	자상하셨냐 jasanghasyeonnya	자상하셨어 jasanghasyeosseo	자상하셨어요 jasanghasyeosseoyo	자상하셨습니까 jasanghasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		자상하시겠다 jasanghasigetda	자상하시겠어 jasanghasigesseo	자상하시겠어요 jasanghasigesseoyo	자상하시겠습니다 jasanghasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		자상하셔 jasanghasyeo	자상하셔서 jasanghasyeoseo	자상하시니 jasanghasini	자상하시니까 jasanghasinikka
Contrast		자상하시지만 jasanghasijiman	자상하신데 jasanghasinde	자상하시더니 jasanghasideoni
Conjunction		자상하시고 jasanghasigo
Condition		자상하시면 jasanghasimyeon	자상하셔야 jasanghasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		자상하심 jasanghasim	자상하시기 jasanghasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		자상하셨음 jasanghasyeosseum	자상하셨기 jasanghasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		자상하신 jasanghasin
	Future		자상하실 jasanghasil

Etymology 2

자상(自傷) (jasang) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠sʰa̠ŋɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [자상하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	jasanghada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	jasanghada
McCune–Reischauer?	chasanghada
Yale Romanization?	casanghata

Verb

자상하다 • (jasanghada) (infinitive 자상해 or 자상하여, sequential 자상하니, hanja 自傷하다)

1. (intransitive) to self-harm, to inflict self-harm

   Synonym: 자해(自害)하다 (jahaehada)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 자상하다 (jasanghada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	자상한다 jasanghanda	자상해 jasanghae	자상해요 jasanghaeyo	자상합니다 jasanghamnida
	Past	자상했다 jasanghaetda	자상했어 jasanghaesseo	자상했어요 jasanghaesseoyo	자상했습니다 jasanghaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	자상하느냐 jasanghaneunya	자상해 jasanghae	자상해요 jasanghaeyo	자상합니까 jasanghamnikka
	Past	자상했느냐 jasanghaenneunya	자상했어 jasanghaesseo	자상했어요 jasanghaesseoyo	자상했습니까 jasanghaetseumnikka
Hortative		자상하자 jasanghaja	자상해 jasanghae	자상해요 jasanghaeyo	자상하십시다 jasanghasipsida
Imperative		자상해라, 자상하여라 jasanghaera, jasanghayeora	자상해 jasanghae	자상해요 jasanghaeyo	자상합시오 jasanghapsio
Assertive		자상하겠다 jasanghagetda	자상하겠어 jasanghagesseo	자상하겠어요 jasanghagesseoyo	자상하겠습니다 jasanghagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		자상해 jasanghae	자상해서, 자상하여서 jasanghaeseo, jasanghayeoseo	자상하니 jasanghani	자상하니까 jasanghanikka
Contrast		자상하지만 jasanghajiman	자상하는데 jasanghaneunde	자상하더니 jasanghadeoni
Conjunction		자상하고 jasanghago
Condition		자상하면 jasanghamyeon	자상해야, 자상하여야 jasanghaeya, jasanghayeoya
Motive		자상하려고 jasangharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		자상함 jasangham	자상하기 jasanghagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		자상했음, 자상하였음 jasanghaesseum, jasanghayeosseum	자상했기, 자상하였기 jasanghaetgi, jasanghayeotgi
Determiners	Past	자상한 jasanghan
	Present	자상하는 jasanghaneun
	Future	자상할 jasanghal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	자상하신다 jasanghasinda	자상하셔 jasanghasyeo	자상하세요, 자상하셔요 jasanghaseyo, jasanghasyeoyo	자상하십니다 jasanghasimnida
	Past	자상하셨다 jasanghasyeotda	자상하셨어 jasanghasyeosseo	자상하셨어요 jasanghasyeosseoyo	자상하셨습니다 jasanghasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	자상하시느냐 jasanghasineunya	자상하셔 jasanghasyeo	자상하세요, 자상하셔요 jasanghaseyo, jasanghasyeoyo	자상하십니까 jasanghasimnikka
	Past	자상하셨느냐 jasanghasyeonneunya	자상하셨어 jasanghasyeosseo	자상하셨어요 jasanghasyeosseoyo	자상하셨습니까 jasanghasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		자상하시라 jasanghasira	자상하셔 jasanghasyeo	자상하세요 jasanghaseyo	자상하십시오 jasanghasipsio
Assertive		자상하시겠다 jasanghasigetda	자상하시겠어 jasanghasigesseo	자상하시겠어요 jasanghasigesseoyo	자상하시겠습니다 jasanghasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		자상하셔 jasanghasyeo	자상하셔서 jasanghasyeoseo	자상하시니 jasanghasini	자상하시니까 jasanghasinikka
Contrast		자상하시지만 jasanghasijiman	자상하시는데 jasanghasineunde	자상하시더니 jasanghasideoni
Conjunction		자상하시고 jasanghasigo
Condition		자상하시면 jasanghasimyeon	자상하셔야 jasanghasyeoya
Motive		자상하시려고 jasanghasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		자상하심 jasanghasim	자상하시기 jasanghasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		자상하셨음 jasanghasyeosseum	자상하셨기 jasanghasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	자상하신 jasanghasin
	Present	자상하시는 jasanghasineun
	Future	자상하실 jasanghasil

Etymology 3

자상(刺傷) (jasang) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ɕa̠(ː)sʰa̠ŋɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [자(ː)상하다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	jasanghada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	jasanghada
McCune–Reischauer?	chasanghada
Yale Romanization?	cāsanghata

Verb

자상하다 • (jasanghada) (infinitive 자상해 or 자상하여, sequential 자상하니, hanja 刺傷하다)

1. (transitive) to inflict a stab wound

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 자상하다 (jasanghada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	자상한다 jasanghanda	자상해 jasanghae	자상해요 jasanghaeyo	자상합니다 jasanghamnida
	Past	자상했다 jasanghaetda	자상했어 jasanghaesseo	자상했어요 jasanghaesseoyo	자상했습니다 jasanghaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	자상하느냐 jasanghaneunya	자상해 jasanghae	자상해요 jasanghaeyo	자상합니까 jasanghamnikka
	Past	자상했느냐 jasanghaenneunya	자상했어 jasanghaesseo	자상했어요 jasanghaesseoyo	자상했습니까 jasanghaetseumnikka
Hortative		자상하자 jasanghaja	자상해 jasanghae	자상해요 jasanghaeyo	자상하십시다 jasanghasipsida
Imperative		자상해라, 자상하여라 jasanghaera, jasanghayeora	자상해 jasanghae	자상해요 jasanghaeyo	자상합시오 jasanghapsio
Assertive		자상하겠다 jasanghagetda	자상하겠어 jasanghagesseo	자상하겠어요 jasanghagesseoyo	자상하겠습니다 jasanghagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		자상해 jasanghae	자상해서, 자상하여서 jasanghaeseo, jasanghayeoseo	자상하니 jasanghani	자상하니까 jasanghanikka
Contrast		자상하지만 jasanghajiman	자상하는데 jasanghaneunde	자상하더니 jasanghadeoni
Conjunction		자상하고 jasanghago
Condition		자상하면 jasanghamyeon	자상해야, 자상하여야 jasanghaeya, jasanghayeoya
Motive		자상하려고 jasangharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		자상함 jasangham	자상하기 jasanghagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		자상했음, 자상하였음 jasanghaesseum, jasanghayeosseum	자상했기, 자상하였기 jasanghaetgi, jasanghayeotgi
Determiners	Past	자상한 jasanghan
	Present	자상하는 jasanghaneun
	Future	자상할 jasanghal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	자상하신다 jasanghasinda	자상하셔 jasanghasyeo	자상하세요, 자상하셔요 jasanghaseyo, jasanghasyeoyo	자상하십니다 jasanghasimnida
	Past	자상하셨다 jasanghasyeotda	자상하셨어 jasanghasyeosseo	자상하셨어요 jasanghasyeosseoyo	자상하셨습니다 jasanghasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	자상하시느냐 jasanghasineunya	자상하셔 jasanghasyeo	자상하세요, 자상하셔요 jasanghaseyo, jasanghasyeoyo	자상하십니까 jasanghasimnikka
	Past	자상하셨느냐 jasanghasyeonneunya	자상하셨어 jasanghasyeosseo	자상하셨어요 jasanghasyeosseoyo	자상하셨습니까 jasanghasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		자상하시라 jasanghasira	자상하셔 jasanghasyeo	자상하세요 jasanghaseyo	자상하십시오 jasanghasipsio
Assertive		자상하시겠다 jasanghasigetda	자상하시겠어 jasanghasigesseo	자상하시겠어요 jasanghasigesseoyo	자상하시겠습니다 jasanghasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		자상하셔 jasanghasyeo	자상하셔서 jasanghasyeoseo	자상하시니 jasanghasini	자상하시니까 jasanghasinikka
Contrast		자상하시지만 jasanghasijiman	자상하시는데 jasanghasineunde	자상하시더니 jasanghasideoni
Conjunction		자상하시고 jasanghasigo
Condition		자상하시면 jasanghasimyeon	자상하셔야 jasanghasyeoya
Motive		자상하시려고 jasanghasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		자상하심 jasanghasim	자상하시기 jasanghasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		자상하셨음 jasanghasyeosseum	자상하셨기 jasanghasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	자상하신 jasanghasin
	Present	자상하시는 jasanghasineun
	Future	자상하실 jasanghasil