작다
Korean edit
Etymology edit
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 쟉〯다〮 (Yale: cyǎk-tá). Ablaut form: 적다 (jeokda, “to be few”).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ɕa̠(ː)k̚t͈a̠]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [작(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jakda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jagda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chakta |
| Yale Romanization? | cākta |
Adjective edit
작다 • (jakda) (infinitive 작아, sequential 작으니)
Conjugation edit
Selected forms of the adjective 작다 (jakda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 작다 jakda |
작아 jaga |
작아요 jagayo |
작습니다 jakseumnida |
| Past | 작았다 jagatda |
작았어 jagasseo |
작았어요 jagasseoyo |
작았습니다 jagatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 작으냐 jageunya |
작아 jaga |
작아요 jagayo |
작습니까 jakseumnikka |
| Past | 작았냐 jagannya |
작았어 jagasseo |
작았어요 jagasseoyo |
작았습니까 jagatseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 작겠다 jakgetda |
작겠어 jakgesseo |
작겠어요 jakgesseoyo |
작겠습니다 jakgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 작아 jaga |
작아서 jagaseo |
작으니 jageuni |
작으니까 jageunikka | |
| Contrast | 작지만 jakjiman |
작은데 jageunde |
작더니 jakdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 작고 jakgo |
||||
| Condition | 작으면 jageumyeon |
작아야 jagaya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 작음 jageum |
작기 jakgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 작았음 jagasseum |
작았기 jagatgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 작은 jageun | |||
| Future | 작을 jageul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 작으시다 jageusida |
작으셔 jageusyeo |
작으세요, 작으셔요 jageuseyo, jageusyeoyo |
작으십니다 jageusimnida |
| Past | 작으셨다 jageusyeotda |
작으셨어 jageusyeosseo |
작으셨어요 jageusyeosseoyo |
작으셨습니다 jageusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 작으시냐 jageusinya |
작으셔 jageusyeo |
작으세요, 작으셔요 jageuseyo, jageusyeoyo |
작으십니까 jageusimnikka |
| Past | 작으셨냐 jageusyeonnya |
작으셨어 jageusyeosseo |
작으셨어요 jageusyeosseoyo |
작으셨습니까 jageusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 작으시겠다 jageusigetda |
작으시겠어 jageusigesseo |
작으시겠어요 jageusigesseoyo |
작으시겠습니다 jageusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 작으셔 jageusyeo |
작으셔서 jageusyeoseo |
작으시니 jageusini |
작으시니까 jageusinikka | |
| Contrast | 작으시지만 jageusijiman |
작으신데 jageusinde |
작으시더니 jageusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 작으시고 jageusigo |
||||
| Condition | 작으시면 jageusimyeon |
작으셔야 jageusyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 작으심 jageusim |
작으시기 jageusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 작으셨음 jageusyeosseum |
작으셨기 jageusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 작으신 jageusin | |||
| Future | 작으실 jageusil | ||||