-는

See also: 는 and -는-

Korean

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɯn]
• Phonetic hangul: [는]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	neun
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	neun
McCune–Reischauer?	nŭn
Yale Romanization?	nun

Etymology 1

Equivalent to Middle Korean ᄂᆞ (Yale: -no, present-tense suffix) + ㄴ (Yale: -n, realis gerundive suffix). The first element is now homophonous 는 (-neun-) in Modern Korean; see that entry for more.

Suffix

는 • (-neun)

1. that is..., that [one] is..., -ing, etc.; suffix attached to the stem of verbs or the existential adjectives 있다 (itda) and 없다 (eopda) to turn the clause into a dependent one in the present tense.

   Coordinate terms: 은 (-eun, past-tense), 던 (-deon, past-tense imperfect), 을 (-eul, future or irrealis)

   읽는 책 ― ing-neun chaek ― the book one is reading

   사는 곳 ― sa-neun got ― the place where one lives

   동물원에 있는 호랑이 ― dongmurwon-e in-neun horang'i ― the tiger that is in a zoo

   떠나는 사람들 ― tteona-neun saram-deul ― the people leaving

Usage notes

• This suffix causes stem-final ㄹ (l) to drop out.

Derived terms

• 었는 (-eonneun)

 

Etymology 2

From Middle Korean 는〮 (Yale: -nún), ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: -nón), probably a reduplication of 은〮 (Yale: -ún), ᄋᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: -ón). See the main entry for more.

Particle

는 • (-neun)

1. Post-vowel allomorphic form of 은 (-eun, topic marker).

Etymology 3

Possibly a contraction of 느냐 (-neunya).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɯn]
• Phonetic hangul: [는]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	neun
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	neun
McCune–Reischauer?	nŭn
Yale Romanization?	nun

Suffix

는 • (-neun)

1. Gyeonggi form of 느냐 (-neunya, “plain-style interrogative suffix”)

   Synonyms: 냐 (-nya), 니 (-ni)

   • 1990, Park Wan-Suh, 미망 (mimang) [Illusions]:

     너 무슨 소리를 그렇게 허는? (Gyeonggi dialect, Kaepoong)

     Neo museun sori-reul geureoke heoneun?

     Why are you saying it like that?

     The novel Illusions, written by Park Wan-Suh, who comes from Kaepoong county, takes place in the area during the first half of the 20th century. In the novel's dialogue, she often uses the traditional pre-war Kaesong dialect.

Usage notes

Appears to be most commonly used around the Kaesong region.