𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇

Prakrit

Etymology

Prakrit verb set
𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (sikkhaï)
𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀯𑁂𑀇 (sikkhāvei)

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱek-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćíkšati

Sanskrit शिक्ष॑ति (śíkṣati)

Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (sikkhaï)

Inherited from Sanskrit शिक्ष॑ति (śíkṣati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćíkšati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱek-. Cognate with Pali sikkhati.

Verb

𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (sikkhaï) (Devanagari सिक्खइ, Kannada ಸಿಕ್ಖಇ) (transitive) (Māhārāṣṭrī)

1. to learn
   • c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 477:

     𑀯𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀯𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀲𑀭𑀲𑀺𑀏 𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀏 𑀫𑀳𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀡 𑀓𑁄 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀑?
     𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 𑀅𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀇-𑀯𑀺 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯𑁄 𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀼𑀯𑀁𑀥𑁂𑀡

     vahuvihavilāsarasie surae mahilāṇa ko uvajjhāo?
     sikkhaï asikkhiāi-vi savvo ṇehāṇuvaṃdheṇa

     • 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken

       In lovemaking, with its manifold and intricate delights, Who is there to instruct women?
       One can learn anything simply by being shown some affection.

   • c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti X. a. Agaladatta, page 67, lines 3 – 5:

     𑀅𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀬𑀸 𑀕𑀼𑀭𑀼-𑀚𑀡𑀸-𑀡𑀼𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀸𑀢𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸-𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀁 𑀓𑀸𑀉𑀁 𑀭𑀸𑀬-𑀓𑀼𑀮𑀁 𑀕𑀢𑁄
     𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣-𑀬 𑀅𑀲𑀺-𑀔𑁂𑀟𑀬-𑀕𑀳𑀡𑁆-𑀆𑀇𑀬𑀁 𑀚𑀳𑀸-𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀬𑀁 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀁 𑀤𑀸𑀇𑀬𑀁

     annayā guru-jaṇā-ṇunnāto siddha-vijjo sikkhā-daṃsaṇaṃ kāuṃ rāya-kulaṃ gato
     tattha-ya asi-kheḍaya-gahaṇ-āiyaṃ jahā-sikkhiyaṃ savvaṃ dāiyaṃ

     When he had mastered the sciences he went one day with the permission of his teacher to the court of the king in order to show his proficiency
     And there he exhibited everything just as he had been taught, how to hold the sword and the shield, and other acquirements.

Descendants

• Central Indo-Aryan:
  • Hindustani:
    • Hindi: सीखना (sīkhnā)
    • Urdu: سِیکھْنَا (sīkhnā)
• Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  • Bengali–Assamese:
    • Assamese: শিকা (xika)
    • Bengali: শেখা (śekha)
    • Sylheti: ꠢꠤꠇꠣ (hika)
• Northern Indo-Aryan:
  • Nepali: सिक्नु (siknu)
• Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  • Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਸਿੱਖਣਾ (sikkhaṇā)

  • Sindhi:

    Arabic script: سِکَڻُ (sikhaṇu)

    Devanagari script: सिखणु (sikhaṇu)

• Southern Indo-Aryan:
  • Konkani:

    Devanagari script: शिक्चे (śikce)

    Kannada script: ಶಿಕ್ಚೆ (śikce)

    Latin script: xikche

  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: सिकणे (sikaṇe), सिखणे (sikhaṇe)

    Modi script: 𑘭𑘲𑘎𑘜𑘹 (sīkaṇe), 𑘭𑘲𑘏𑘜𑘹 (sīkhaṇe)

    • Marathi: शिकणे (śikṇe)
• Western Indo-Aryan:
  • Old Gujarati: सीषइ (sīkhai)
    • Gujarati: શીખવું (śīkhvũ)
  • Romani: siklǒvel, siklǒl, sikavel, siklǎrel

References

• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “सिक्ख”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
• Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 224
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śíkṣatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press