Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-yós. Cognate with Latin -ius.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -य (-ya)

    1. forms the gerundive
    2. creates adjectives from noun or verb stems

    Declension

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    Masculine a-stem declension of -य (-ya)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative -यः
    -yaḥ
    -यौ / -या¹
    -yau / -yā¹
    -याः / -यासः¹
    -yāḥ / -yāsaḥ¹
    Vocative -य
    -ya
    -यौ / -या¹
    -yau / -yā¹
    -याः / -यासः¹
    -yāḥ / -yāsaḥ¹
    Accusative -यम्
    -yam
    -यौ / -या¹
    -yau / -yā¹
    -यान्
    -yān
    Instrumental -येन
    -yena
    -याभ्याम्
    -yābhyām
    -यैः / -येभिः¹
    -yaiḥ / -yebhiḥ¹
    Dative -याय
    -yāya
    -याभ्याम्
    -yābhyām
    -येभ्यः
    -yebhyaḥ
    Ablative -यात्
    -yāt
    -याभ्याम्
    -yābhyām
    -येभ्यः
    -yebhyaḥ
    Genitive -यस्य
    -yasya
    -ययोः
    -yayoḥ
    -यानाम्
    -yānām
    Locative -ये
    -ye
    -ययोः
    -yayoḥ
    -येषु
    -yeṣu
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic
    Feminine ā-stem declension of -या (-yā)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative -या
    -yā
    -ये
    -ye
    -याः
    -yāḥ
    Vocative -ये
    -ye
    -ये
    -ye
    -याः
    -yāḥ
    Accusative -याम्
    -yām
    -ये
    -ye
    -याः
    -yāḥ
    Instrumental -यया / -या¹
    -yayā / -yā¹
    -याभ्याम्
    -yābhyām
    -याभिः
    -yābhiḥ
    Dative -यायै
    -yāyai
    -याभ्याम्
    -yābhyām
    -याभ्यः
    -yābhyaḥ
    Ablative -यायाः / -यायै²
    -yāyāḥ / -yāyai²
    -याभ्याम्
    -yābhyām
    -याभ्यः
    -yābhyaḥ
    Genitive -यायाः / -यायै²
    -yāyāḥ / -yāyai²
    -ययोः
    -yayoḥ
    -यानाम्
    -yānām
    Locative -यायाम्
    -yāyām
    -ययोः
    -yayoḥ
    -यासु
    -yāsu
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Brāhmaṇas
    Neuter a-stem declension of -य (-ya)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative -यम्
    -yam
    -ये
    -ye
    -यानि / -या¹
    -yāni / -yā¹
    Vocative -य
    -ya
    -ये
    -ye
    -यानि / -या¹
    -yāni / -yā¹
    Accusative -यम्
    -yam
    -ये
    -ye
    -यानि / -या¹
    -yāni / -yā¹
    Instrumental -येन
    -yena
    -याभ्याम्
    -yābhyām
    -यैः / -येभिः¹
    -yaiḥ / -yebhiḥ¹
    Dative -याय
    -yāya
    -याभ्याम्
    -yābhyām
    -येभ्यः
    -yebhyaḥ
    Ablative -यात्
    -yāt
    -याभ्याम्
    -yābhyām
    -येभ्यः
    -yebhyaḥ
    Genitive -यस्य
    -yasya
    -ययोः
    -yayoḥ
    -यानाम्
    -yānām
    Locative -ये
    -ye
    -ययोः
    -yayoḥ
    -येषु
    -yeṣu
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic

    Derived terms

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    References

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