Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós
Proto-Indo-European
editSuffix
edit*(Ø)-yós[1]
- Creates adjectives from noun stems.
Usage notes
editWhen affixed to athematic nouns, the thematic vowel of the suffix was stressed and the noun appeared in the oblique stem. When affixed to thematic nouns, the thematic vowel of the noun was dropped; accent remained on the noun stem if the thematic vowel was not originally accented.
Inflection
editThematic | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | ||
nominative | *(Ø)-yós | *(Ø)-yéh₂ | |
genitive | *(Ø)-yósyo | *(Ø)-yéh₂s | |
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *(Ø)-yós | *(Ø)-yóh₁ | *(Ø)-yóes |
vocative | *(Ø)-yé | *(Ø)-yóh₁ | *(Ø)-yóes |
accusative | *(Ø)-yóm | *(Ø)-yóh₁ | *(Ø)-yóms |
genitive | *(Ø)-yósyo | *? | *(Ø)-yóHom |
ablative | *(Ø)-yéad | *? | *(Ø)-yómos |
dative | *(Ø)-yóey | *? | *(Ø)-yómos |
locative | *(Ø)-yéy, *(Ø)-yóy | *? | *(Ø)-yóysu |
instrumental | *(Ø)-yóh₁ | *? | *(Ø)-yṓys |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *(Ø)-yéh₂ | *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) | *(Ø)-yéh₂es |
vocative | *(Ø)-yéh₂ | *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) | *(Ø)-yéh₂es |
accusative | *(Ø)-yā́m | *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) | *(Ø)-yéh₂m̥s |
genitive | *(Ø)-yéh₂s | *? | *(Ø)-yéh₂oHom |
ablative | *(Ø)-yéh₂s | *? | *(Ø)-yéh₂mos |
dative | *(Ø)-yéh₂ey | *? | *(Ø)-yéh₂mos |
locative | *(Ø)-yéh₂, *(Ø)-yéh₂i | *? | *(Ø)-yéh₂su |
instrumental | *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁ | *? | *(Ø)-yéh₂mis |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *(Ø)-yóm | *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) | *(Ø)-yéh₂ |
vocative | *(Ø)-yóm | *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) | *(Ø)-yéh₂ |
accusative | *(Ø)-yóm | *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) | *(Ø)-yéh₂ |
genitive | *(Ø)-yósyo | *? | *(Ø)-yóHom |
ablative | *(Ø)-yéad | *? | *(Ø)-yómos |
dative | *(Ø)-yóey | *? | *(Ø)-yómos |
locative | *(Ø)-yéy, *(Ø)-yóy | *? | *(Ø)-yóysu |
instrumental | *(Ø)-yóh₁ | *? | *(Ø)-yṓys |
Derived terms
edit- *e-yós
Descendants
edit- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-jas
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: -ιος (-ios)
- Italic:
- Latin: -ius
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-yás
- Proto-Germanic: *-jaz
References
edit- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 62-63