-GHAAZH
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Etymology edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *ɣ̇ʷa̓ž ~ *ɣ̇ʊš (“to make a bubbling noise”).
Occurs in Navajo in bases of disparate meanings related to “bubbling”, “shouting” and “sleeping”, probably originating in distinct roots that merged in shape.
These meanings are found in parts in other Athabaskan languages too:
- in Ahtna tnelghots (“it is boiling”), telghaas (“fish started swimming (bubbling?)”), delghos (“they are shouting”);
- in Koyukon nilɣos (“melted”), dəlɣʊs (“they are making noise”);
- in Chipewyan nɛ́sɣáz (“my face swole up”), níłxáz (“I boiled it”), dɛlɣus (“it barks”), ɛ’ɛłxus (“he snored”);
- in Mattole ’iłgwóxw (“you snore, are sound asleep”).
Root edit
-GHAAZH
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ni + l |
S bubbles, boils
|
S boils O, S spurts (unspec obj)
|
2. to shout
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(di) + l |
S shouts
|
3. to sleep
Theme | Category | Bases | Reflexive / Reversionary (+ d) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a + ł |
S sleeps, puts P to sleep
|
S sleeps
|
Stem set edit
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -gháásh | -ghaazh | -wosh | -wosh | -gháásh |
REP | -wosh | -ghaazh | -wosh | -wosh | -gháázh |
CONT | -ghaash | -ghaazh | -ghash | -ghash | -ghaash |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Navajo terms belonging to the root -GHAAZH (bubble)